Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the instructional effect of Multi-slice (MSCT) in the cochlear implantation pre- and post-operatively, and to contrast the image feature between the X-ray and the MSCT three-dimensional reconstruction of inner ear with implanted electrode. METHOD: Twenty-four cochlear implant (MEDEL Combi 40+) recipients,in No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University from January to October 2014, were involved in this study. Among them, 18 were male and 6 female,with an average age of 4 years. MSCT and three dimensional reconstruction of inner ear were performed in all of the 24 implanted inner ears pre- and post-operatively. And X-ray plain film were examined by using 60° lateral oblique position postoperatively. All data of the spiral CT scan with axial 1 mm image slices were transferred to workstation for three-dimensional reconstruction (direct volume rendering) of the inner ear. RESULT: In 1 of the 24 cases, preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction CT scan reveal that the length of the cochlear was shorter than the electrode. And this was confirmed by MSCT postoperatively that the electrode couldn't be inserted by full length. The insertion depth of the electrode can be evaluated directly by MSCT. Moreover, each of the electrode pairs can be identified clearly. CONCLUSION MSCT plays an indispensable role in the preoperative evaluation of cochlear implantation. Postoperative evaluation by three-dimensional reconstruction of inner ear provide more accurate image to show the electrode insertion depth in the cochlea. MSCT combined with curved planar reformation to measure cochlear length could provide guidance in choosing the more adaptive electrode. And MSCT is superior to DR in demonstration of electrode postoperatively.
Child, Preschool ; China ; Cochlea ; anatomy & histology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Care ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfection of lentiviral vector mediated calcitonin gene‐related peptide(CGRP) gene and its effects on biological properties of MSC .Methods MSC were isolated ,cultured and identi‐fied .MSC were infected by lentivirus encoding recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and CGRP (Lv‐EG‐FP‐CGRP) .The transfection efficiency was determined by the inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry .The expression levels of CGRP were detected in CGRP‐modified MSC by using real‐time PCR ,immunocytochemistry and enzyme‐linked immu‐nosorbent assay (ELISA) .The proliferation ,aging and differentiation ability of MSC were evaluated by MTT ,β‐galactosidase stai‐ning and inducing differentiation respectively .Results After 48 h of MSC transfection by Lv‐EGFP‐CGRP ,EGFP/CGRP could be expressed stably .When multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 30 ,the transfection efficiency reached more than 80% .Compared with the MSC group and the MSC‐EGFP group ,the mRNA and protein expression levels of CGRP in CGRP‐modified MSC(MSC‐CGRP group) were markedly increased(all P<0 .01) .The results of MTT ,β‐galactosidase staining and inducing differentiation assay dem‐onstrated that the transfected CGRP basically had no effect on the proliferation ,aging and endotheliocyte differerntiation of MSC . Conclusion MSC is a kind of ideal genetic vector cell ,which can serve as the target cell of CGRP gene transduction for the applica‐tion of gene therapy and lays the foundation for follow‐up in vitro and vivo experiments .

Objective To investigate the influence of CD14 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction pathway during the hepaticstress injury in acute cerebral hemorrhage, and explore the protection mechanism of Xinglouchengqi decoction. Methods The model ofacute cerebral hemorrhage was established with injection of collagenase Ⅶ into internal capsule of cerebrum. The rats were randomly dividedinto blank control group, cerebral hemorrhage group, syndrome of phledm-heat and fu-organ excess model group and Xinglouchengqigroup. Each group was divided into 3 time sub-groups (24 h, 48 h, 72 h). The expression of CD14 mRNA in liver tissue and mesentericlymph nodes were observed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The expression of CD14 mRNA was higher in model-group than blank control group (P<0.05). Xinglouchengqi decoction could reduce liver pathological injury significantly. Conclusion CD14plays an important role in endotoxin-mediated liver injury. Xinglouchengqi decoction can protect the liver in cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To explore the calvarial critical size defect (CSD)in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:T2DM model of SD rats(weighted 300-320 g)was induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ)injection.The rats with T2DMand the normal controls were divided into 4 groups(n=3)respectively.Defects with the diame-ter(mm)of 2,3,4 and 5 were made on the central calvaria of each rat.General observation,X-ray examination and histological study were performed 8 weeks postoperatively.Results:In the T2DM group,only the defects of 2 mm diameter were healed completely,X-ray resistance and new bone formation were observed;the defects of 3,4 and 5 mm diameter were unhealed,X-ray transmission was observed and newly formed bone was insufficient.In the control group,the defects of 2,3 and 4 mm diameter were healed completely, X-ray resistance and new bone formation were observed;the defects of 5 mm diameter were unhealed,X-ray transmission was ob-served,newly formed bone was insufficient.Conclusion:The calvarial CSD of T2DM rat model can be defined as the defect with the diameter of 3 mm.

Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in mice and its mechanism.Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group,CIRI group,and melatonin treatment group (n =10 in each group).A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was induced by suture method.The degree of brain injury was evaluated by neurological function score,brain water content,and cerebral infarction volume.Western blot analysis was used to detect apoptosis-related proteins Bim,Bcl-2,and endoplasmic reticuhm stress-related molecules C/ EBP homologous protein (C/EBP) expression.Results Compared with the CIRI group,the neurological function score was significantly improved,the degree of cerebral edema was significantly reduced,and the volume of cerebral infarction was significantly reduced in the melatonin treatment group (all P ＜0.05).In addition,the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated in the melatonin treatment group,and the expression of Bim and CHOP was significantly down-regulated (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Melatonin may play an anti-CIRI role by regulating CHOP,and endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in CIRI.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of SLC6A4 gene c.*670T>G polymorphism with the risk for asthma and peripheral blood cytological characteristics among ethnic Zhuang Chinese from Guangxi, China. METHODS: From May 2017 to March 2020, 258 patients diagnosed with asthma and 244 healthy controls were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Minzhu Medical College and the People's Hospital of Hechi. Genotypes of the c.*670T>G polymorphism were determined by Sanger sequencing. Flow cytometry was used in combination with an electrical impedance method for the counting and classification of peripheral blood cells. RESULTS: Compared with the T allele, the G allele of the c.*670T>G polymorphism was associated with the risk for asthma in the population (OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.15-2.06; P = 0.004). Compared with the GT and TT genotypes, homozygous GG genotype also comprised a risk factor (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.16-2.38; P = 0.005). Stratification of the risk factors showed that the homozygous GG genotype has increased the risk of asthma in males and urban residents (P < 0.01). The erythrocyte, hemoglobin and platelet counts of the asthma group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). The GG, GT and TT genotypes have respectively accounted for 82.35%, 17.65% and 0% of the samples with platelets exceeding the normal value. The overall platelet level of GG genotype was higher than GT+TT genotype (P < 0.05). The significant association was verified by the false positive report probability, and at a prior probability level of 0.1, G vs. T false positive probability was 0.071, and GG vs. GT+TT false positive probability was 0.153. CONCLUSION The GG genotype of the c.*670T>G polymorphism is associated with the risk for asthma among ethnic Zhuang Chinese from northwest Guangxi. Above finding has also enriched the genotypic data and peripheral blood phenotype for this polymorphism.
Male ; Humans ; East Asian People ; China ; Genotype ; Alleles ; Asthma/genetics* ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that predominantly affects children. Previous studies have mostly involved children in Western developed countries. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients. RESULTS: ADEM occurred during summer and autumn in about two-thirds of the 42 included patients. Prior infection was found in five patients and no preimmunization was recorded. The most frequent clinical presentations were alterations in consciousness (79%) and behavior changes (69%), followed by motor deficits (64%) and fever (50%). About one-quarter (26%) of the patients showed positive results for oligoclonal bands, and about half of them exhibited increases in the IgG index and 24-hour IgG synthesis rate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white- and gray-matter lesions in 83% and 23% of the patients, respectively. Steroids were the main treatment, and full recovery occurred in 62% of the patients, with residual focal neurological deficits recorded in a few patients. After a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, two patients exhibited recurrence and one patient exhibited a multiphasic course. One patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of the seasonal distribution pattern and prior vaccine rate, the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients are similar to those in pediatric populations. No specific markers are available for distinguishing ADEM from MS at the initial presentation. Careful clinical evaluations, cerebrospinal fluid measurements, and neuroradiological examinations with long-term follow-up will aid the correct diagnosis of ADEM.
Adult* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Consciousness ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Developed Countries ; Diagnosis ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Oligoclonal Bands ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Steroids

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that predominantly affects children. Previous studies have mostly involved children in Western developed countries. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients. RESULTS: ADEM occurred during summer and autumn in about two-thirds of the 42 included patients. Prior infection was found in five patients and no preimmunization was recorded. The most frequent clinical presentations were alterations in consciousness (79%) and behavior changes (69%), followed by motor deficits (64%) and fever (50%). About one-quarter (26%) of the patients showed positive results for oligoclonal bands, and about half of them exhibited increases in the IgG index and 24-hour IgG synthesis rate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white- and gray-matter lesions in 83% and 23% of the patients, respectively. Steroids were the main treatment, and full recovery occurred in 62% of the patients, with residual focal neurological deficits recorded in a few patients. After a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, two patients exhibited recurrence and one patient exhibited a multiphasic course. One patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of the seasonal distribution pattern and prior vaccine rate, the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients are similar to those in pediatric populations. No specific markers are available for distinguishing ADEM from MS at the initial presentation. Careful clinical evaluations, cerebrospinal fluid measurements, and neuroradiological examinations with long-term follow-up will aid the correct diagnosis of ADEM.
Adult* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Consciousness ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Developed Countries ; Diagnosis ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Oligoclonal Bands ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Steroids

Objective:To evaluate the effect of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) on postoperative delirium (POD) in aged mice.Methods:Eighty male C57BL/6N mice, aged 18 months, weighing 30-35 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control+ solvent group (group C), control+ AKG group (group C+ AKG), surgery+ solvent group (group S) and surgery+ AKG group (group S+ AKG). Dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate 0.6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days before surgery in C+ AKG and S+ AKG groups, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in C and S groups.Exploratory laparotomy was performed under anesthesia with isoflurane to establish POD model.The behaviors of mice in each group were tested at 24 h before surgery and 6, 9 and 24 h after surgery using buried food test (the latency to eat food), open field test (total distance, latency to the center, time and freezing time spent in the center) and Y maze test (duration in the novel arm and the number of entries into the novel arm), respectively.Then the animals were sacrificed at 6 h after operation, hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of microglia-specific marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), the number of Iba-1 positive cells (using immunofluorescence staining), and the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in hippocamapus (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group C, the latency to eat food at eath time point was significantly prolonged, latency to the center at 6 and 9 h after surgery was prolonged, time spent in the center at 6 and 9 h after surgery was shortened, freezing time at 6, 9 and 24 h after surgery was shortened, the number of entries into the novel arm at 6 and 9 h after surgery was decreased, duration in the novel arm at 6 h after surgery was shortened, the expression of Iba-1 was up-regulated, the number of Iba-1 positive cells was increased, and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampus was up-regulated in group S ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the behaviors indexes in group C+ AKG ( P>0.05). Compared with group S, the latency to eat food at each time point was significantly shortened, latency to the center at 9 h after surgery was shortened, time spent in the center at 6 and 9 h after surgery was prolonged, freezing time at 9 and 24 h after surgery was prolonged, the number of entries in the novel arm at 9 h after surgery was increased, the expression of Iba-1was down-regulated, the number of Iba-1 positive cells was decreased, and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampus was down-regulated in group S+ AKG ( P<0.05). Conclusion:AKG can alleviate POD, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of microglia and and thus reducing inflammatory responses in aged mice.