INTRODUCTION: To harmonise the diagnostic processes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and enable clinicians to provide better patient care, it is critical to understand the knowledge gaps in PCOS diagnosis. We evaluated how clinicians in endocrinology, family medicine, general practice and gynaecology diagnose PCOS. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey involved 208 clinicians from specific subspecialties across various healthcare settings in Singapore. RESULTS: A total of 160 responses were included in the final analysis. Among all the diagnostic criteria, the Rotterdam 2003 criteria was most frequently used (66.3%). More than half of the gynaecologists reported having a standardised workplace protocol while the majority from other specialties reported otherwise. A large percentage of respondents (60.5%) were unable to identify the correct PCOS clinical features, which is concerning. Only 8.8% of respondents used clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, menstrual disturbances and pelvic ultrasound to diagnose PCOS without performing unnecessary and incorrect investigations. Most clinicians recognised insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus and fertility problems as complications while only a few recognised psychological complications. Many clinicians (37.3%) sought standardisation of PCOS diagnosis and management guidelines for improvement in PCOS care and 81.9% of respondents would appreciate standardised educational materials. CONCLUSION This is the first study to the best of our knowledge that gives an insight into the diagnostic and management processes of PCOS among various healthcare institutions in Singapore. This study calls for greater harmonisation of diagnostic processes and holistic evidence-based management of patients with PCOS through standardised workplace protocols and patient education resources.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapy* ; Singapore ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to identify the differences in sociodemographic variables and reasons for termination of pregnancy (TOP) between married women and single/divorced women. We hope that this study can guide future policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of unsupported pregnancies in this profile group of women. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the sociodemographic data of 802 women who underwent an abortion for social reasons at our institution in Singapore from January 2016 to September 2018. We compared the sociodemographic variables, reasons for and methods of TOP between married and single/divorced women. RESULTS: We analysed data from 524 married women (65.3%) and 278 single/divorced women (34.7%). Married women were more likely to be of older age (29.5 years vs. 24.5 years, P < 0.001), had more living children and higher educational qualifications. The top two cited reason for abortions among married women were having enough children (42.0%) and the inability to afford another child (18.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged >19 years and having more living children were independently associated with recurrent TOPs. Having a tertiary education was noted to be associated with less recurrent TOPs. CONCLUSION The most common reasons married women cited for having TOP include having enough children and the lack of financial capacity to afford another child. Recommendations to support women ought to be personalised and comprehensive in addressing their needs rather than offering a standardised support method. Greater emphasis should be placed on post-TOP family planning counselling to reduce repeated TOP.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Abortion, Induced ; Hospitals, University ; Educational Status