Objective To probe the essential aspect and its counter measure in training clinical medical postgraduate students.Methods Based on the review of recently publish papers related and teaching practice for years,the standpoint is put on the need of students in their long-term career after receiving degree.Results Medical ethics and medical information education should be the key point in the teaching plan.Teaching the students in accordance with their apti-tude should be based on their long-term need and the supervisors should be glad for and skilful at education.To put more cost of scientific research to students is in keeping with the China’s na-tional policy of invigorating the country through science and technology.Writing clinical case reports ought to be encouraged.Conclusion The noble medical ethics is the motivation force of gaining consummate medical skill.Up-to-date medical information and skill are the necessary capability in getting new knowledge and bringing forth new ideas.Writing case reports is to keep with the reality of students and may deepen the results of clinical observation and accumulate more data on typical case as well as give the bases to further research.

Objective:To evaluate the prognosis of acute peripheral arterial embolization.Methods:From Jan 1990 to Jun 2002,117 cases with 149 times of embolization were analyzed retrospectively to determine the distribution,amputation rate and mortality of arterial embolization.Logistic regression was employed to define the role of site,the extent and range of ischemia,ischemic time,treatment modality,with or without atherosclerosis,and recurrent onset on amputation rate of extremities.Results:Approximately 87% of embolization occurred in lower limbs,that occuring in internal organ was about 2% and upper extremities 10%.Among 117 cases,the mortality was 11.9%,amputation rate 7.8% and limb salvage 92.2%.Conclusion:Underlying heart disease and embolization of internal principal organ are the leading causes of death.Single embolectomy and anti-coagulation therapy are the mainstay of treatment for acute embolization.The major prognosis of limbs depended on the extent and range of ischemia and secondary treatment.

Based on both domestic and abroad research results concerning the local therapeutic efficacy, influence factors, survival time and prognosis of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this paper aims to make a review of medical literatures about RFA treatment of recurrent HCC that were published in Chinese and in English during the period from 2005 to 2014, and to analyze the related factors that may influence the local therapeutic efficacy and survival rate. The results indicate that the recurrent tumor size, tumor number, recurrence interval, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level, serum prothrombin, etc. are important factors that will affect the therapeutic efficacy of recurrent HCC. At the same time, the results point out that the study of imaging predictors can help suggest the different recurrent types, which is very useful in making individualized follow-up strategy and in monitoring tumor recurrence. Local treatment, with RFA being the main method, together with comprehensive therapies, including other new technologies and new drugs, will improve the current clinical situation in treating recurrent HCC.

?AIM:To investigate the effects of Bevacizumab on the proliferation and the expression of E -Cadherin and fibronectin in human retinal pigment epithelial cell ( ARPE-19) in vitro.?METHODS: Different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0mg/mL) of bevacizumab were exposed to ARPE-19 cells, then cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8, cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of E-Cadherin and fibornectin was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.?RESULTS:The concentration as 2.5mg/mL or 5.0mg/mL of bevacizumab was shown to effectively suppress the proliferation and cell cycle of ARPE-19 cell (P<0.05). In addition, 2.5mg/mL or 5.0mg/mL of bevacizumab could downregulate the expression of E-cadherin and promote the transcription of fibronection gene (P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:High concentration of bevacizumab was able to inhibit ARPE-19 proliferation, downregulate E-Cadherin expression and promote fibronectin expression, indicating epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by bevacizumab in ARPE-19 cell.

Objective:To provide ideas for the participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical individualized medication.Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the clinical consultation for one senior patient with acute cholangitis treated with biapenem.Results:The consultation comments and suggestions proposed by clinical pharmacists were accepted by clinics,which played an important role in assisting doctors in the rational drug use and significantly improved the medical treatment.Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should participate in individualized medication and help clinicians optimize drug therapy,which can improve the safety and efficacy of medication.

Vascular bypass grafting is the most common procedure for ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Although synthetic grafts have been developed, replacement of vessels with purely synthetic polymeric conduits often leads to the failure of such graft, especially in the grafts less than 6 mm in diameter, mainly due to the early formation of thrombosis, infection and so on. Tissue engineering is a relatively new discipline that offers the potential to create vascular grafts from autologous cells and biodegradable polymer scaffolds. It has become a promising approach for generating a biocompatible vessel graft and contributing to the long-term patency rate of small-caliber grafts. This review describes the major progress in the tissue engineering vascular grafts, including the seeding cell sources, the biodegradable scaffolds, the construction technologies of tissue-engineered vessels, as well as nanotechnology.

BACKGROUND:White blood cells involved in the inflammatory response play an important role in deep vein thrombosis.E-selectin mediates the initial process of white blood cell and vascular endothelial cell attachment during inflammation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and plasma E-selectin.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Completely random design and linear correlation analysis were performed at Department of Vascular Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University from September to December 2007.PARTICIPANTS:Twenty-seven cases of deep vein thrombosis,16 males and 11 females with an average age of(57 ? 15) years,were selected,who attacked within 3 days or with aggregated condition.METHODS:Blood samples were obtained at the admission of the patients.After 72 hours,a second specimen was obtained,defined by thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy.Determination of plasma E-selectin by ELISA and the blood coagulation abilities and platelet count of the 1st blood samples were performed,including part-time activation thromboplastin,prothrombin time,and plasma fibrinogen.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:E-selectin levels before and after treatment,blood coagulation abilities before treatment,platelet determination and E-selectin related analysis.RESULTS:No acute pulmonary embolism occurred in 27 cases of deep vein thrombosis during the treatment.One case underwent routine Forgart of thrombectomy catheter,and of the other 26 cases,15 were significantly improved,and 11 were not improved after 72 hours.Plasma E-selectin levels significantly decreased after thrombolysis,anticoagulant therapy in deep vein thrombosis patients with clinical remission(P = 0.001),but the plasma E-selectin levels were increased in those with no remission(P = 0.003).E-selectin levels and platelet count of deep vein thrombosis in patients before treatment showed no correlation(r =-0.113,P = 0.576),and were not related to fibrinogen content(r =-0.050,P = 0.802),or part-time activation thromboplastin(r=-0.046,P=0.822),and prothrombin time(r=-0.080,P=0.690).CONCLUSION:Plasma E-selectin levels are positively related to deep vein thrombosis severity.

Objective To review experimental study and clinical application of materials to bile duct repair and reconstruction.Methods Comparison of different materials was made between advantages and disadvantages.Results Synthetic grafts such as vitallium,teflon are easy to handle,but have no flexion,and have foreign body reaction.Although autogenous free tissues such as venous patch and peritonium are resistant to infection,they are likley to lead to bile duct stricture because of lacking adeuqate blood supply.Vascularized neibouring tissues for repearing bile duct defect have satisfactory results.Conclusions To avoid bile duct striccture,vary measures should be taken to repair bile duct defecs;for segmental loss of bile duct,end to end anastomosis or Roux-en-Y biliary jejunal reconstruction should be applied.

Objective To investigate the formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel. Methods The concentration of formaldehyde was determined in rooms for different function,in rooms with different number of furniture,in different position in a tunnel and at different time of using air cleaner in Oct. 2006. Results The total rate of exceed standard of formaldehyde level in the tunnel was 82.9%,the rate of exceed standard in the rooms disposed by all the furniture was 100%,the rate of exceed standard in the front of the tunnel was lowest (63.6%). Using the air cleaner,the rate of exceed standard decreased in degree. Conclusion The main source of formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel is furniture,formaldehyde is the main air pollutant in a tunnel.

CyberKnife is a newly developed technology in the field of stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy(SRS/SRT).Compared with conventional SRS/SRT,there are many advantages for CyberKnife in terms of being real-time image-guided,frameless,highly accurate,etc.Recently,it has been used to treat different types of malignant carcinoma including intracranial and extracranial tumors.This article summarized the contemporary progress of CyberKnife in the treatment of intracranial and extracranial tumors.