It has been realized that the 4Rs (repair,repopulation,redistribution,and reoxygenation) would affect the result of cell irradiation,and thus radiation treatment.The 4Rs each occurs at different dose rates,usually very low dose rates.Depending on the dose rate used for treatment,the corresponding R should be included in the linear-quadratic equation (LQ) and biological effective dose (BED) calculation.For low dose rate brachytherapy(LDR) especially permanent implant,all the 4Rs should be included in LQ for BED calculation.The 4Rs,especially repair and repopulation,play a critical role in dose fractionation.Various dose fractionation schemes such as hyperfractionation and hypofractionation are determined in consideration of the 4Rs.Stereotactic radiation therapy uses hypofractionation with high fractional doses and combine with high accuracy target localization techniques to achieve high local control rates compared to conventional dose fractionation schemes.The 4Rs have been taken into account for LDR and permanent implant.Recently,LQ for permanent implant brachytherapy has been modified to include all the 4Rs for gynecological malignancy 131Cs permanent implants.Including the 4Rs in radiation therapy has significantly improved the effectiveness and efficiency of radiation therapy for cancer treatment.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)is a new technology of focal therapy for patients with hepatic carcinoma.Comparing with operation and other focal therapeutic methods (such as radiofrequency and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) of liver cancer,HIFU is non-invasive,accurate,and definite in killing the tumor tissue with fewer complications.Thus,it is widely accepted in clinical settings and has a promising prospect.In this article,we review the mechanism and present situation of hepatic carcinoma therapy with HIFU and dicuss some clinical application and development in the future.

To examine the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in the apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells to better understand the pathogenesis and to find new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes, apoptosis was induced by oleic acid (OA) in INS-1 cells and the activity of GSK-3 was inhibited by LiCl. The PI staining and flow cytometry were employed for the evaluation of apoptosis. The phosphorylation level of GSK-3 was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that OA at 0.4 mmol/L could cause conspicuous apoptosis of INS-1 cells and the activity of GSK-3 was significantly increased. After the treatment with 24 mmol/L of LiCl, a inhibitor of GSK-3, the OA-induced apoptosis of INS-1 cells was lessened and the phosphorylation of GSK-3 was increased remarkably. It is concluded that GSK-3 activation plays an important role in OA-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells and inhibition of the GSK-3 activity can effectively protect INS-1 cells from the OA-induced apoptosis. Our study provides a new experimental basis and target for the clinical treatment of type-2 diabetes.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/*pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/*metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*cytology ; Oleic Acid/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation

Objective:To propose the requirement of hospital development quality inspection information management system, develop solution, avoid cost enormous waste problem and realize the system on-line.Methods: Use the UML method to develop hospital equipment management information system, and completed a detailed description of its specific use case diagram, sequence diagram, class diagram.Results: Equipment operation rate increased by 10%, significantly shorten specimens control time of, the fault response time decreased from 10min to 1 min, quality control indexes increased to 16%.Conclusion: The UML-based LIS system improved the work efficiency of the equipment, received the satisfactory effect.

Objective To study the clinical features of large-artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction and perforating artery disease type cerebral infarction.Methods Ninety cases of large-artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction were set as the observation group and 90 cases of perforating artery disease type cerebral infarction as the control group.The general data and clinical characteristics were performed the comparative analysis.Results The drinking and smoking rates in the observation group were 43.33 ％ and 54.44 ％ respectively,which were in turn higher than 27.78 ％ and 25.56 ％in the control group;the occurrence rates of complicating coronary heart disease and lipid metabolism abnormality in the observation group were 45.56 ％and 58.89 ％respectively,which were in turn higher than 21.11 ％ and 37.78 ％in the control group;while the occurrence rate of complicating diabetes mellitus in the control group was 65.56 ％,which was higher than 42.22％ in the observation group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein and circulating endothelial cell count in the observation group were (687 ± 169)g/L and(9.0 ±1.7) × 106/L respectively,which were significantly higher than the normal level in the control group,the level of nitric oxide in the observation group was(77.4±21.1)mol/L,which was lower than that in the control group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The onset factors of large artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction have larger relation with drinking,smoking,complicating coronary heart disease and lipid metabolism abnormality,while perforating artery disease type cerebral infarction is more related with diabetes.

Objective To manufacture the skin suction blister apparatus and observe the curative effect of autologous epidermal grafting in treating vitiligo.Methods According to the theory of local skin suction blister: local skin suction blister is decided by the two facts of the negative pressure and temperature,the skin suction blister apparatus was manufactured based on feedback principle,and was applied to autologous epidermal grafting for treating vitiligo.Results The performance of skin suction blister apparatus was stable,the operation was relative simple,and the total survival grade of autologous epidermal grafting was 98.01%.Conclusion The skin suction blister apparatus is simple to operate and its curative effect is excellent for clinical application.

Objective To design and manufacture the injecting roll booster,by which Dipospan mix liquid is injected for treating keloid.Methods According to the principle that screw roll can save labour when it is circumvolved forward,the injecting roll booster was developed.Dipospan mix liquid(Dipospan1ml,Hyaluronidase1500U,5-Fluorouracil 2~5ml) was injected for treating keloid.Results The treatment effect of the injecting roll booster was apparently better than that of general injector.The Dipospan mix liquid and Dipospan for keloid were injected,and the total efficacies were 94.45% and 85.51% respectively.There was marked difference statistically(p

Objective To investigate the influence of Chinese herbal medicine on effect of immunosuppressant for the treatment of lupus nephritis complicated with femoral head necrosis (FHN),and to observe the adverse reaction.Methods Forty-five lupus nephritis patients complicated with FHN were randomized into 2 groups:the control group (N=18)received immunosuppressant regimen without medication of hormone,and the treatment group (N=27)received Chinese herbal medicine based on immunosuppressant regimen.The activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and the incidences of lupus nephritis and adverse reaction were monitored during the 3-year follow-up.Results (1)After treatment,the total score of symptoms was decreased in the two groups (P0.05).(3)The urine protein volume and urine red blood cell (RBC)count were decreased in the two groups after treatment (P

Objective To evaluate the curative effect in treatment of hepatic metastases tumor with poorly blood supply through superselective transcatheter nutrient arterial full chemoembolization.Methods 75 cases of hepatic metastases tumors with poorly blood supply were treated by full chemoembolization through superselective transcatheter nutrient arterial infusion under DSA guided.Results After treatment 2～3 months,CT scans showed that totally 202 tumors in 75 cases,the tumors were fully filled with lipiodol in 189,large part in 11 and not well in 2.159 tumors were obviously shrunk,41 tumors were shrunk part,2 tumors were not obviously shrunk.The survival rate in 6 months,12 months,24 months,36 months and 3～5 years was 100%(75/75),85.3%(64/75),55%(41/75),42.7%(32/75)and 20%(15/75)respectively.Conclusion The transcatheter superselective nutrient arterial full filling chemoembolization for hepatic metastases tumor with poorly blood supply is a effective therapy.

[Objective] To develop biomimicking chitosan scaffolds with longitudinally oriented micro-channels,and investigate their efficacy in bridging 15 mm sciatic nerve gap in rats.[Methods]Chitosan scaffolds with longitudinally oriented micro-channels were fabricated using unidirectional freezing-dry methods.The chitosan scaffolds were used to bridge 15 mm nerve defect in rats,and their efficacy in bridging nerve gap was evaluated by morphometric analysis,retrograde labeling,electrophysiological studies and behavioral analysis.[Results]The chitosan scaffolds developed in the present study showed longitudinally oriented micro-channels,which resembled the dimensions of basal lamina channels in normal nerves.Implantation of chitosan scaffold achieved axonal regeneration and functional recovery similar to autograft implantation in vivo.[Conclusion]The chitosan scaffolds have inner microstructures which resemble the basal lamina channels in normal nerves.The chitosan scaffold may be used as an alternative to autograft in bridging nerve gaps.