Objective To provide a theoretical reference for building a discharge planning program suitable for China's national conditions based on a comprehensive content analysis of international discharge planning guidelines.Methods Discharge planning guidelines from 1995 to 2012 which were retrieved from PubMed,NGS (National Guideline Clearinghouse),google were analyzed by 5W1H method.Results A total of 11 discharge planning guidelines were collected from 21 through the full text screening.Conclusions This study shows that discharge planning should focus on patients with their needs as orientation,to provide continuous care through interdisciplinary and interagency coordination and cooperation,and an effective planning should be implemented standardized management and carried out early on admission.

Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; pathology ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Polyps ; diagnosis ; pathology

RNA interfering (RNAi) is a process of sequence-specific, posttranscriptional gene silencing in animals and plants. In mammalian cells, duplexes of 19～25 nts (nucleotides) RNAs efficiently inhibit gene expression. The pBS/H1SP vector expressing siRNA is used which inhibit specific HIV-1 gene expression. To assess the intracellular effect of this H1 promoter-driven siRNA, a reporter plasmid pEGFP-C1-HIV protein which expresses fusion protein of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and HIV protein was used. The expression of the reporters can be easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy in living cells. siRNA-generating vectors targeted to several HIV-1 genomes were constructed and then co-transfected with respond reporter expression vectors into HEK293 cells. Cells transfected with pHIV-siRNA exhibited a significant inhibition of pEGFP-HIV expression compared with cells transfected with control vectors. By this way, it is successfully to select effective siRNA for silencing target HIV-1 genes. Then two or three siRNA transcripts targeted to different HIV genes were expressed by one plasmid, and a relative strong inhibition effect was observed.

Objective To explore the difference of C-reactive protein(CRP)in non-smokers,ex-smokers,and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experiencing exacerbations(AECOPD)and the relation of blood white cells in order to study the role of smoking to CRP.Methods Five hundreds and sixty-eight patients with AECOPD were enrolled in the retrospective case-study.Patients were divided into three groups:non-smokers,ex-smokers,and smokers.CRP and WBC were measured to compare their changes.Results Serum CRP levels of three groups were 5.7 mg/L,5.6 mg/L and 5.8 mg/L,respectively;there was no significant difference among them;cigarette smoking had no effect on the raised serum CRP levels;similarity,WBC of theirs were 8.6?109/L,9.1?109/L and 8.5?109/L,respectively;there was also no significant difference among them(P=0.299).There was little relationship between CRP and WBC.Conclusion Serum CRP levels in non-smokers,ex-smokers,and smokers with AECOPD are raised and are independent of cigarette smoking.Maybe CRP is related to infection.

hMSH6 is one of the most important members in the mismatch repair family. Its polymorphism is closely related to the pathogenesis and development of neoplasm, particularly in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. Moreover, it has been suggested to play a more important role in endometrial cancer compared with hMLH1 and hMSH2.

Objective To synthesize an inhibitory peptide against serine protease of hepatitis C virus(HCV)and explore its inhibition ability in vitro. Methods Based on the sequence characteristics of four natural substrates of protease in HCV,the gene sequence of an inhibitory peptide against HCV serine protease was designed and directly synthesized by PCR. The segment was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pBVIL1,resulting in the construction of the recombinant plasmid pBVIL1/IP,which was then transformed into E. coli HB101 strain. Purified by ion exchange chromatography,the expressed protein was added into an in vitro system,which was comprised of the inhibitory peptide(expressed protein),protease and the substrate,i.e. a NS5A-B fragment,in phosphate buffer. Then SDS-PAGE was performed to test the inhibition effect of the polypeptide. Results The recombinant expression vector pBVIL1/IP containing target gene was successfully constructed. The peptide expressed as inclusion boay was identified by SDS-PAGE. The degradation of protease substrate NS5A-B fragment is inhibited proportionally with the increasing concentrations of the peptide. Conclusion The recombinant peptide shows inhibitory effect on HCV protease in vitro.

With depth understanding of the mechanism of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) protein,more and more studies have found that HLA-G is closely related with tumor immune escape.Numerous studies have shown that the expression of HLA-G protein and mRNA could be detected in patients with cancer.

In order to compare the characteristics of ethano l production, a serie s respiratory deficient mutants (rho -) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the ir wil d parent strain (rho +) were assayed for ethanol yield, ethanol fermentation ki netics, ethanol tolerance, and activities of ethanol-dehydrogenase. The data i nd icated that: Though the average amount of ethanol produced by mutants rho - a nd by wild rho + strains were similar, some mutants produced a little more amount of ethanol than wild type. The kinetics curve of ethanol fermentation suggested t h at rho - mutants had a little higher ethanol fermenting speeds than wild type . Th e activity of ethanol-dehydrogenase per unit weight of protein of rho - mutan ts c ells were higher than that of wild strain rho +; the activity of ethanol-dehyd rogenase per unit volume of fermentation medium of rho + were higher than that rho - mutants,mainly due to the higher biomass of rho + were higher than that of rho - mutan ts. Some rho - mutants could tolerate higher ethanol concentration than wild rh o + stra in, but some not. If higher ethanol tolerance and higher ethanol yield rho - mu tants were used in fermenting process,higher ethanol yield would be expected,but some problems such as that rho - mutants grew slowly should be considered.

Objective To compare the graft function of 2 methods of kidney harvesting,the modified method of combined liver and kidney procurement and rapid en bloc kidney procurement. Methods The clinical data of 220 cadaveric renal transplantation recipients were collected(12 months follow-up),174 cases from en bloc kidney procurement and 46 from combined liver and kidney procurement.The average harvesting time,the incidence of renal vein injury,1 year kidney survival and incidence of acute rejection were compared between the two methods.Results In average harvesting time and incidence of renal vein injury,the en bloc kidney procurement were better than the method of combined liver and kidney procurement.However,the method of combined liver and kidney procurement was better than the en bloc kidney procurement in 1 year kidney survival,1 year incidence of acute rejection and average warm ischemia time.There was no difference in 1 year survival of patients and 24 h,1 week and 1 year graft function after transplantation. Conclusion Although the method of combined liver and kidney procurement is better than the en bloc kidney procurement in 1 year kidney survival and 1 year incidence of acute rejection,there is no difference between the 2 methods in 1 year survival of patients and graft function after transplantation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Electrocoagulation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; therapy ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic ; therapy