Gallbladder cancer is a disease associated with high mortality. Improvement of early diagnosis is of great significance to prolong the survival. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, cholelithiasis, anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, focal mucosal microcalcifications, and et al.Advances in endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram and helical computed tomography have enhanced preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Understanding the characteristics of gallbladder cancer with the help of multiple imaging modalities can facilitate accurate diagnosis and may also help in sorting patients to undergo extended resection or an alternative therapy. Resection is currently the most effective and only potentially curative treatment for gallbladder cancer.However, owing to its non-specific symptoms, gallbladder cancer patients often suffer from late diagnosis, and few patients are suitable for surgery. Other treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, percutaneous biliary drainage, palliative surgery are used in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.For jaundiced gallbladder cancer patients, preoperative biliary drainage is still under debate. Since biliary inflammation adversely affects the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients,antibiotics with high concentration in bile is recommended for selected patients. Palliative treatment and molecular target therapy are promising for patients with inoperable gallbladder cancer.

Complicated bile duct injury greatly affects quality of patients' life and even threatens their life safety because it is difficult to be recognized and reconstructed,also with the poor surgical effect.Regarding to the surgical timing of complicated bile duct injury,it still have a big controversy.Here we would discuss the timing of surgeries for bile duct injury.We consider that it should be reconstructed when it is recognized during operation,even converted to laparotomy for laparoscopic surgeries.About postoperative cases,we think that it should be operated to explore damage range and reconstruct for those cases found within 48 hours and without obvious infection.However,reconstruction should be performed after 6 weeks for those found after 48 hours or with biliary duct infection.

Effects of melatonin ( MT ) and supernatants from cultured pineal glands stimulated by 10 ?mol/L isoproterenol (ISO) for 0, 30, 60, 120 min on interleukin I ( IL-1 ) production by peritoneal macrophage ( PM? ) in rats were studied. Theses results showed that LPS-induced IL-1 production by PM? was enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (0.1~1 ?mol/L ) , but IL-1 production was not influenced by MT without LPS. LPS-induced IL-1 production by PM? was enhanced in various degree by the supernatants, action of supernatants for 60min was best. The data is suggested that LPS-activated M?s may be one of target cells for MT.

Effects of supernatants from cultured rat pineal glands on ConA and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes in mice, ConA induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of splenocytes in rats were studied. These results showed that ConA and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes were enhanced by supernatants from cultured rat pineal glands stimulated with 10 ?mol/L isoproterenol (ISO) for 60 min (Dilution. 1 : 45 ) , ConA induced IL-2 production of splenocytes in rats was also enhanced by the supernatants (Dilution: 1 : 135 ) .

Effects of melatonin ( MT) on Con A or LPS-induced prolifera-tive responses of splenocytes in mice and Con A induced interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) production of splenocytes in rats were studied. The results showed that Con A and LPS induced proliferative responses of splenocytes were enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (0.01~1?mol/L and 0.01~10?mol/L, reinduced-pectively ) . ConA IL-2 production of splenocytes were also enhanced by in vitro treatment with MT (1~10?mol/L), but MT has no effects oa above functions of splenocytes without activating by ConA or LPS. These data suggested that mitogen activated lymphocytes might be one of the target cells for MT.

An automatic urine monitoring system is presented to replace manual operation. The system is composed of the flow sensor, MSP430f149 single chip microcomputer, human-computer interaction module, LCD module, clock module and memory module. The signal of urine volume is captured when the urine flows through the flow sensor and then displayed on the LCD after data processing. The experiment results suggest that the design of the monitor provides a high stability, accurate measurement and good real-time, and meets the demand of the clinical application.
Autoanalysis ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Urination

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen in blood culture from 2014 to 2015.Meth-ods 1 260 blood specimens were incubated in our hospital,the positive samples were isolation and identification and the drug resist-ance was analyzed.Results 153 strains of bacteria were isolated from 1 260 blood specimens,and the positive rate was 12.1%. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the main pathogens in gram negative bacilli,coagulase negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the main pathogens in gram positive cocci,Imipenem and ertapenem were the most effective antibiotics (100.0%)to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia,the gram-positive cocci were sensitve to Vanconmycin,linezolid and tigecy-cline.Conclusion Drug resistance of isolated pathogen in blood cultures is very serious.Monitoring the change of pathogens and trends of drug resistance is very important in guiding the clinical use of drug.

0.05).In the elderly group,every complication rates of LR were lower than those of OR(P

Objective To study the possible reasons and the processing strategy of brain injury operation complicated with intracranial hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data about 22 patients who were digged skull operation because of brain injury and complicated with intracranial hemorrhage in operation in neurosurgery from 2007 June to 2008 February were retrospectively analyzed,and different types intracranial hemorrhage were classified.Results In 22 patients,12 patients were complicated with epidural hematoma,in which the patients (9/12,75.0%) complicated with opposite hematoma were common;5 patients were complicated with intracerebral hematoma,in which the patients (3/5,60%) complicated with ipsilateral hematoma were common;4 patients were complicated with acute subdural hematoma,and all the patients complicated with opposite hematoma;1 patient was complicated with sub-flap hematoma.Conclusions In the patients who are complicated with intracranial hemorrhage because of digging skull operation to brain injury,epidural hematoma are most,then intracerebral hematoma,subdural hematoma,sub-flap hematoma.The important measures of preventing secondary intracranial hemorrhage are definiting force mechanism and distinguishing fracture line before operation,gradiently decompressing,completely removing crushing brain tissue,protecting reflux veins,rigorously stopping bleeding during operation.

Objective To detected the motor cortex reorganization and compared the influence on reorganization process as regard to different transfer modes of contralateral seventh cervical nerve root (C7)in young rats model of total brachial plexus root avulsion. Methods The young Sprague-Dawley rats model of total brachial plexus root avulsion was established. The left radix dorsalis and radix ventralis from the fifth cervical nerve root (C5) to the first thoracic nerve root (T1)were exposed and the roots from C5 to T1 were avulsed from the spinal cord. Then, the contralateral C7 transfer operation was performed. Three different operative modes were applied randomly which included contralateral C7 transference to anterior division of the upper trunk (group A, n=30), to both musculocutaneous and median nerves (group B, n=30), or to median nerve (group C, n=30). The movement evocation of motor cortex was measured by intracortical microstimula-tion in both hemispheres, and functional reorganization was assessed dynamically in 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after operation. Results After contralateral C7 transference, the ipsilateral motor cortex initially acti- vated the injured limb at 1.5 month, and subsequently the motor cortex of both hemispheres activated the in-jured limb at the 3rd and 6th month. The injured limb was activated mainly by the contralateral motor cortex in group A at the 9th month. The contralateral motor cortex exclusively controlled the injured limb in all three groups at the 12th month after the operation. Meanwhile, the extent of functional reorganization was better in group B than that of group C. Conclusion After contralateral C7 transfer operation, motor cortex in charging injured limb developed a transhemispheric functional reorganization in young rats with total brachial plexus root avulsion. Different operative modes contributed to the functional reorganization of motor cortex. Transferring contralateral C7 to anterior division of the upper trunk or to both musculocutaneous and median nerves provided better functional reorganization than to median nerve.