This article briefly introduced the concept and classification of assistive products for persons with disability, the development of assistive products in the developed countries as well as several types of new representative assistive products.

In this article,suggestions about how to set up basic computer courses system in medical universities are brought forward.In addition,how to give prominence to emphases after teaching reform of computer and researches and reform of teaching mode of computer courses are discussed.

Objective:Based on the hospital resource planning(HRP) system, design in delicacy maintenance information management system of medical equipment, aims to solve problems for preventive maintenance, repair decision support, repairing parts management, fault library, practical training, cost analysis, workload statistics and other aspects.Methods: The five issues including establishment of a standardized procedure for solving maintenance, electronic document management, scientific and material support, comprehensive personnel management, cost analysis, statistical and intelligent decision support by the Visual Basic for application programming technology were solved to realize the database interaction. Constructing standardization process of equipment maintenance management and making full use of the stored information can provide guidance for equipment maintenance management activities.Results: The equipment maintenance management and integrated decision analysis, provides a strong reference for all types of decision-making of the hospitals. To realize information sharing among departments make hospital equipments maintenance comply with a standardized and scientific management requirements.Conclusion: It can be widely applied in hospital equipment maintenance management process and is significant to the achievement of scientific management of medical equipment.

Objective To analyze the condition assessment value of cystatin C (CysC) for children with acute kidney injury .Methods 93 cases admitted to acute kidney injury (AKI) in our department from January 2012 to January 2014 ,according to the AKI stag‐ing ,they were divided into AKI1 group ,AKI2 group and AKI3 group .Meanwhile 33 cases of healthy children for concomitant medi‐cal were chosen as a control group .The serum creatinine (SCr) ,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ,Cys C ,glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ rates) were compared in four groups .Analysis of serum Cys C in patients with AKI SCr ,BUN ,GFR and APACHEⅡ score correlation .Compare AKI children SCr ,GFR ,APACHEⅡ and mortality compare different cystatin C levels .Results The SCr ,BUN ,CysC ,GFR and APACHEⅡ scores were significantly differ‐ent in the control group ,AKI1 group ,AKI2 group and AKI3 group ,SCr ,BUN ,CysC ,GFR and aggravation APACHEⅡ score with AKI gradually rise(P<0 .01) .In AKI1 group ,AKI2 group and serum Cys C AKI3 group ,SCr ,BUN and APACHEⅡ scores were positively(P<0 .05) ,but correlated with GFR were negative correlation(P<0 .05) .CysC levels <1 .50 ,1 .50 -2 .00 and>2 .00 SCr ,APACHEⅡ and mortality gradually increased ,with statistically significant difference(P<0 .01);GFR decreased ,with a sig‐nificant difference(P<0 .01) .Conclusion AKI children with elevated serum Cys C prompt with impaired renal function ,serum Cys C and at the same time there is a positive correlation APACHEⅡ score ,which could be used as indicators to assess the severity of illness of children AKI .

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of Notch1intracellular domain,p3XFLAG?CMV7?NICD1,so as to prepare for the further research and exploration of effect of Notch1 on promoting epithelial?mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells. Methods The cDNA fragment was reversely transcribed by RT?PCR from total RNA extracted from the SRA01/04 cells and was encoded with the specific am?plification?targeted NICD1was obtained from the SRA01/04 cells,then the cDNA fragment was inserted into p3XFLAG?CMV7 to transcribe Esche?richia coli DH5α. And the recombinant plasmid was extracted after bacterial screening by LB plating medium and confirmed by the restriction endo?nuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Results The target gene obtained had the same molecular size as predicted. It was indicated that recom?bined p3XFLAG?CMV7 plasmid contained correct recombinant human Notch1 sequences and p3XFLAG?CMV7?NICD1 was constructed success?fully. The western blotting showed protein NICD1 expressed in SRA01/04 cells transfected with p3XFLAG?CMV7?NICD1. Conclusion The suc?cessful construction of p3XFLAG?CMV7?NICD1 will provide a foundation for a further study studies in on the effect relationship of Notch signaling pathway and in posterior capsular opacification(PCO)after cataract extraction.

Objective To analyse pathogens distribution and antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical speci‐mens in neurosurgery ,in order to provide laboratory basis for rational use of antibacterial agents .Methods Isolation and culturing of bacteria were carried out in various clinical samples collected in neurosurgery from January 2012 to September 2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University ,all strains were identified by using automatic microbial analyzer ,and the sensitivi‐ties to antibacterial agents were verified by using instrument method and K‐B method .WHONET5 .6 software was used for data a‐nalysis .Results A total of 1 319 strains of non‐repeating pathogenic bacteria were isolated ,including 482 strains (36 .6% ) of gram‐positive bacteria ,797 strains (60 .4% ) of gram‐negative bacteria ,and 40 strains (3 .0% ) of fungi .Most of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from sputum ,cerebrospinal fluid ,urine and blood specimens ,and the most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus , Acinetobacter baumannii ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli .Isolated gram‐positive bacteria and gram‐negative bacteria were resistant to antibacterial agents in different degree .The sensitivity rate was 100 .0% only in linezolid and vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus .The resistant rates of carbapenems against Acinetobacter baumannii were higher than 80 .0% ,and carbapenems‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains had also appeared .Carbapenems‐resistant Escherichia coli strains had not yet been found .The sensitive rate of Piperacillin‐Tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was above 90 .0% . Conclusion Gram‐negative bacteria is the predominant pathogen infecting patients in neurosurgery ,w hile Staphylococcus aureus are the most common isolates .For the increase of multiple drug‐resistant and pan‐drug‐resistant bacteria ,clinical rational use of antibac‐terial agents for anti‐infection treatment may be very important .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of the content of baicalin in Bifukang oral liq?uid.METHODS:The ODS C 18 column was used with methanol-water-glacial acetic acid(45∶55∶1.5)as mobile phase,and de?tective wavelength was274nm,the flow rate was1ml/min.RESULTS:Within the range of0.215?g～4.3?g,baicalin presented a fine linear relationship between amount and peak area(r=0.9995).The average recovery was99.44%(RSD=0.79%,n=5). CONCLUSION:This HPLC method is convenient,rapid and accurate,and can be used for quality control in the production of Bifukang oral liquid.

Humans ; Liver, Artificial

The antimicrobial abuse has become an indisputable fact as well as a global public health concern.At the 2016 G20 summit in Hangzhou,the issue of antimicrobial resistance was also put on the agenda of world leaders.This paper analyzed the status quo of global antimicrobial resistance.With reference to the report Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendation written by British Lord Jim O′Nell published in May 2016,the main influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance were described.In addition,this paper proposed countermeasures for antimicrobial resistance,including carrying out large-scale promotional activities,improving global public health conditions,reducing antimicrobial use in agriculture,strengthening the global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance,developing new treatment products for infectious diseases,and building a new pattern of global response.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and the extent of drug resistance in lower respiratory tract disease among aged people.METHODS From Jan 2006 to Dec 2006 we collected 304 sputum samples of the old patients who were diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection,bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance of 178 strains of the pathogens were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The most common four kinds of Gram-negative bacilli were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii.For above bacteria,the ratio of the resistance to ampicillin,cefazolin and compound sulfamethoxazole was over 40%.The isolating rate of ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 29.8%.CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the common bacteria and ESBLs bacteria precisely can provide therapy,guide to early cure and control lower respiratory tract infection of aged patients effectively.