Health Education, Dental ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Orthodontics ; methods

Humans ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Orthodontics, Corrective

This paper discussed the differences in teaching arrangement,material construction,teaching pattern, and teaching methods been used in medical microbiology teaching between China and the United State.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Humans

Abdomen ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Compartment Syndromes ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Orthodontics, Corrective

Objective: To investigate prevalence of neurosis in a college of central China. Method:4465 college students were investigated by epidemiological method used in the national survey of 12 areas 10 years before. Result: The present prevalence of neurosis in students were 9.34%, higher than that of the national survey 10 years before (6.44%). In different diagnoses, the present prevalence of anxiety disorder was much higher. Male students had higher rate of neuroses than female, those in grade 3 or 4 had higher rate of neuroses than those in other grades. The most obvious invoke factor of neurosis was lovelorn. Conclusion: The prevalence of neurosis is higher than 10 years before.

Objective To study the damage effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL)on the endothelial cells and its influence in the expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4)and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM).Methods The human endothelial cells ECV-304 were cultured in vitro and treated by different concentrations of OX-LDL for 24 h,and the cell vitality was measured by Taipan blue rejection test.The reactive oxygen species (ROS)level,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP),cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The expression of TLR-4 and EpCAM were also analyzed by FCM.Results Compared with control group,the ROS levels in ECV-304 cells in 25,50,100,and 200 mg·L-1 OX-LDL were increased, but the cell vitalities and MMP were decreased (P < 0.05).Compared with control group,the percentages of S phase cells in 25 and 50 mg·L-1 OX-LDL groups were increased,the G0 G1 phase cells were slightly reduced,and the SubG1 phase cells (apoptotic cells)were increased with the increasing of OX-LDL concentration.Compared with control group,the TLR-4 and EpCAM expression levels in ECV-304 cells in 50 mg·L-1 OX-LDL group at 24 h were significantly increased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion OX-LDL could increase the ROS level and induce the apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells,while increase the cell vitality and MMP.During the damage process,the expresion levels of TLR-4 and EpCAM are up-regulated.

Objective To explore the function and significance of caudal type homeobox transcription factor-2 (CDX)-2,heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) of esophageal stromal tissues in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE).Methods A total of 116 patients were divided into groups according to gastroscopic finds and hematoxylin-eosin (H &E) staining of biopsy samples.They were divided into control group (n=29),RE group (n=32),BE group (n=35),RE treatment group (n=10) and BE treatment group (n=10).The expression of CDX 2,HB-EGF and BMP-4 in different esophageal mucosal lesions was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the changes of positive expression levels of CDX-2,HBEGF and BMP 4 were compared among groups.Variance analysis and chi-square analysis were performed to analyze the correlation among the three factors.Results The CDX-2 positive cell number of control group ((0.0±0.0)/high power field(HPF)),RE group ((43.1±10.6)/HPF),and BE group ((67.8±11.3)/HPF) increased in turn,and the differences among three groups were statistically significant (F=67.664,P＜0.01).The HBEGF positive ((6.4±1.4)/HPF,(39.4±13.5)/HPF,(55.8±13.9)/HPF) and BMP 4 positive ((0.0±0.0)/HPF,(22.6±6.4)/HPF and ((25.1± 10.3)/HPF) cell number of three groups had the same trend and the differences among three groups were statistically significant (F HB-EGF =22.925,FBMP-4 =10.463,both P＜0.01).Except the expression of BMP-4 between RE group and BE group,there were significant differences between every other two groups (LSD test,all P＜ 0.01).The expression of CDX 2,HB EGF,BMP-4 in RE treatment group ((21.7±1.7)/HPF,(16.6±5.0)/HPF and (9.2±1.0)/HPF) and BE treatment group ((51.4±8.7)/HPF,(31.0± 10.4)/HPF and (12.7±3.9)/HPF) were lower than those in RE group and BE group respectively,the differences were also statistically significant (LSD test,all P＜0.05).In RE group,the positive rate of CDX-2 (31.2％ (10/32)) was significantly lower than that of HBEGF and BMP4 (62.5％ (20/32) and 56.2％(18/32)),and the differences were statistically significant (x2=6.275 and 4.063,both P＜0.05).However in BE group,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate among CDX-2(85.7％(30/35)),HB-EGF (88.6％(31/35)) and BMP-4 (74.3％(26/35),all P＞0.05).Conclusions CDX-2,HB-EGF and BMP-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RE and BE.HB-EGF and BMP-4 may be involved in the early episodes of BE genesis and have promotion effects on CDX-2 expression.HB-EGF and BMP-4 may be the new target in the research and treatment of BE.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of urinaryα1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods 266 cases of diabetic patients in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University from May 2013 to October 2014 were recruited,and patients were divided into four groups based on the urine al-bumin/creatinine (ACR)levels,as follows:non-diabetic nephropathy group (Non-DN)152 cases,low urinary albumin/cre-atinine group (LUA)49 cases,high urinary albumin/creatinine group (HUA)32 cases,and very high urinary albumin/cre-atinine group (VHUA)33 cases.63 cases of healthy subjects (NC group)and 66 cases of fracture patients (stress group) were recruited as control group.The urinary AAG and other biochemical indicators were measured for all subjects.Results The level of urinary AAG in DN group was significantly higher than that in stress group,Non-DN group and NC group (t=7.951,7.985,8.021,P <0.05),and gradually increased from LUA,HUA to VHUA group (P <0.05).The urinary AAG level was positively correlated with UA,Cr,CRP and ACR (r=0.169,0.286,0.373,0.606,P <0.01).Stepwise logistic re-gression analysis showed that the urinary AAG was the independent risk factor of DN (P <0.05).Conclusion The level of urinary AAG has good application value in the early diagnosis and monitoring progression of DN.