Objective: To investigate the root canal configuration and the incidence and location of the isthmus in extracted maxillary second premolar with single root. Methods: 60 maxillary second premolars were included in the study. 1 mm root was cut from the apical end of root. The transverse section was stained with methylene blue dye and viewed with a surgical operating microscope. 1 mm increment sections were made and stained and observed by the same way from apex to 6 mm. The number of canals as well as the type of canal isthmuses were recorded. Results: 41.67% maxillary second premolar with single root had two canals. Canal isthmus happened more frequently in the apical 4 mm levels. Conclusion: The incidence of isthmus in the maxillary second premolar was highest in the apical 3-to 5-mm level. Canal morphology in the apical 1-to 6-mm is complicated.

Perihilar surgery is full of challenge,risk,variability and uncertainty.Because of the anatomic variability,the pathophysiological complexity and invasion of the diseases,hepatic hilar biliary surgery has the characteristics of high operative difficulties,low resection rate,easy intraoperative bleeding,more postoperative complications,high recurrence rate and mortality rate.The cure rate and safety of the operation can be improved only through comprehensive imaging examinations and preoperative evaluation of liver function as well as the correct use of surgical techniques of anatomic paths,lesions excision and hepatic hilar reconstruction.The core of perihilar surgical techniques is hepatic hilar anatomy and explosion,including hilar plate dissection,dissection of liver along the medial fissure,quadrate lobe of liver resection and perihilar resection.Perihilar surgery is a comprehensive technique involving preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative procedures.The cure rates of perihilar biliary diseases can be improved by a combination of enhanced recovery after surgery and optimized and individualized surgical plans for patients.

Objective To understand the gene distribution and drug resistance rate of integron gene of extended spectrumβ‐lac‐tamases(ESBLs) producing Klebsiella pneumonia infection in ICU elderly patients in order to provide the basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents .Methods The BioMerieux VITEK‐2 Automated Microbes Identification System was adopted to conduct the bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test on various clinical specimens of ICU elderly patients in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 .The integron gene in 167 strains of ESBLs‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was analyzed by PCR ,and the gene was identified by sequencing .Results Among 386 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae ,the detection rate of ESBLs‐producing strains was 43 .26% ;the positive rate of integron was 50 .89% ,the detected integron was class Ⅰ integron;aadA2 ,aadA1 ,aada16 , dfra27 and arr‐3 genes were amplified from integron variable region;the drug resistance rate of ESBLs‐producing integron gene pos‐itive strains was significantly higher than that of integron gene negative strains .Conclusion the ICU elderly patients with ESBLs‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection is closely related to the integron gene and integron plays an important role in bacterial drug resistance .

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Evidence-Based Practice ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; genetics ; Mutation ; Rett Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics

Objective To explore the surgical safety and clinical efficacy of combined anterograde and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis for the treatment of the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 3 patients with left intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis who were admitted to the Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from February 2015 to May 2016 was collected.All the 3 patients underwent left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy after preoperative lab and imaging examinations and the evaluations of liver function and residual liver volume.The surgical procedures followed as:anterograde dissection of porta hepatis,exposure of hilar plate,left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy,right artery resection and reconstruction,hilar cholangioplasty and bilioenteric anastomosis.Observation indicators included:(1) surgical situations:operation time,time of hepatic artery~ anastomosis and volume of intraoperative blood loss;(2) postoperative pathological examinations;(3) postoperative situations:postoperative complications (biliary fistula,hemorrhage,abnormal liver function,gastroplegia) and postoperative chemotherapy;(4) follow-up:postoperative patients' survival and carcinoma occurrence.Follow-up was performed to by outpatient examination up to December 2016.The follow-up included clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain,chills,fever and jaundice,liver function and tumor marker examination,and color ultrasound Doppler or abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed to detect carcinoma recurrence.Measurement data was represented as average (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 3 patients underwent successful left hemihepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy using combined antegrade and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis,including 1 combined with right hepatic artery resection and reconstruction,without perioperative death.The average operation time,average time of hepatic artery anastomosis and average volume of intraoperative blood loss of 3 patients were 493 minutes (range,430-570 minutes),11 minutes and 526 mL (range,450-600 mL),respectively.(2) Postoperative pathological examination showed 3 patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma,2 with nerve bundles invaded and 2 with No.12 lymph node metastasis,with negative margins of bile duct and hepatic artery.(3) Postoperative situations:3 patients are not complicated with biliary fistula and gastroplegia.One patient with postoperative liver dysfunction after right artery resection and reconstruction underwent anti-infection,hepatoprotection and anti-hepatic encephalopathy therapies,and then was improved and discharged from hospital at 4 weeks postoperatively.The other 2 patients recovered steadily without complications such as hypohepatia,and then respectively discharged from hospital at 17 and 20 days postoperatively.All the 3 patients underwent chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined with S-1 for 8 courses at week 4 or 5 postoperatively.(4) Follow-up:all the 3 patients were followed up for 7-20 months,with good general conditions and normal liver function and without cholangitis symptoms.One patient received right artery reconstruction,and CT reexamination at postoperative month 3 showed fine imaging of right hepatic artery.There was no sign of carcinoma recurrence.Conclusion The combined anterograde and retrograde method exposing porta hepatis for the treatment of the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma invading porta hepatis can increase the radical resection rate and surgical safety.

Background and purpose:Reduced peripheral blood platelet count is a common toxicity in patients with hematological malignancy after chemotherapy.The purpose of this study was to observe the eff icacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 25 patients with solid tumor,who developed thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy(PLT≤70?109/L) after the f irst cycle of chemotherapy(control group),was studied by self-cross control.6-24 h after the second cycle of chemotherapy(treatment group) with identical scheme of the f irst cycle chemotherapy,they were given subcutaneous injection of rhTPO 15 000 U/d for 7 to 14 consecutive days or until platelet count ≥100?109/L or the increasing count ≥50?109/L.Results:The mean platelet count of the patients after rhTPO treatment was higher at different time points of the treatment group than that of the control group.The minimal PLT count of the treatment group and the control group after chemotherapy were(80.3?39.30)?109/L and(34.7?21.2)?109/L(P0.05).The time of PLT count to recover was found to be more than 75?109/L and 100?109/L in treatment group after chemotherapy was(9.8?4.2)d and(12.8?3.6)d,compared to(19.1?4.5)d and(24.3?1.4)d(P

Objective To investigate the effects of Naoluoxintong which is representative prescription of supplementing Qi and activating blood therapy(Yiqihuoxue),the prescription of supplementing Qi therapy(Yiqi) and the prescription of activating blood therapy(Huoxue) on local cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats.To observe the changes of neural stem cells(NSCs) and correlated SVZ factors.Methods Models of local cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were established by thread-occluding the MCA.The time points were observed at 1,3,7 d after reperfusion following 2 h of MCAO respectively.The expression levels of Nestin were measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results The expression of Nestin of treatment groups increased significantly compared with model group at 7 d(P