Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamic changes in local epidural anesthetic and correlated factors before and after epidural space opening during vertebral canal surgery. Methods 120 patients who underwent vertebral canal operation under epidural anesthesia from January 2008 to December 2010 in Anyang City People's Hospital in Henan Provincial were selected. A self control study method was applied to persistently monitor the patients' vital signs〔heart rate variance(HRV),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),saturation of blood oxygen(SpO2)〕,and the subjective manifestations of patients,the appraisal of surgeon about the surgical local situation(the degree of skeletal muscle relaxation,neural reflex,the ooze blood and so on),the changes in movement (primarily Aαnerve fiber),feeling(primarily Aδnerve fiber),skin temperature(primarily non-myelinated nerve fiber C)within the scope of anesthesia,the dosage of local anesthetic used and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were record before and after epidural cavity opening. Results There were no statistical significant differences in vital signs before and after epidural cavity opening in this group of patients. After the opening of epidural space,the local use of anesthetic dosage and the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity were obviously higher than those before the opening〔lidocaine(mg/h):911.23±15.58 vs. 460.19±10.82,ropivacaine(mg/h):13.35±0.19 vs. 5.24±0.17, the incidence of local anesthetic toxicity:67.5%vs. 1.2%,all P<0.01〕,the anesthesia plane(skeletal muscle laxity, feeling,skin temperature)was poorer than that before the opening of epidural space〔the anesthetic plane before the opening was(4.0±1.7),(10.7±1.5),(12.0±1.6)segments respectively,after opening was(2.0±1.8),(10.2±1.3), (12.6±1.9)segments〕,after epidural space opening,the correlations among the three planes(movement sensation disjointed)were worse than those before the epidural space opening(good). Conclusion The opening of vertebral canal can change the action of local epidural anesthetic,decrease its therapeutic effect and increase its incidence of toxicity,therefore,it is necessary to further discuss the application of epidural anesthesia in vertebral canal operation.

A novel method for the determination of glucose was reported. Based on a reverse photoinduced electron transfer process, we can quickly determine the concentration of glucose in the sample. A fluorescent boronic acid, dapoxylTM 3-sulfonamidophenylboronic acid was first used for the determination of glucose. This linear range is 0～1×10－2 mol/L, the detection limit is 5×10－5 mol/L. This method has been applied to direct determination of glucosein in three kinds of serum samples with satisfactory results, the RSD is less than 4%.

Objective To compare the effects of Niaoduqing Tablet and Niaoduqing Granule in tre atingchronic renal failure(CRF)induced by adenine in rats,which is expected to provide some lab oratory data for the clinical applic ation and innovation of the dosage forms.Methods CRF rat models induced by adenine were administered with Niaoduqing Tabl et or Niaoduqing Granule and then the seru m levels of BUN and Scr,haematologic al and biochemical indexes and renal histolog-ical features were observed.Results Both of two forms reduced serum levels of BUN and Scr,ameliorate the electrolyte,increase the number of red blood cell,hemoglobin content and haematocrit and alleviate pathological changes of the kidney tissue.Conclusion Both Niaoduqing Tablet and Niaoduqi ng Granule is effective in treating CRF in rats and the effect of Niaoduqing Tablet in ameliorating a nemia is superior to that of Niaoduqi ng Granule.

Objective To explore the effect of Tie-2 small interference RNA(siRNA)treatment in human hepatoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.Methods Tumor cells were implanted in the hind flank of male nude mice of 6 weeks.Tumor-bearing mice were divided into two groups(gene therapy group and control group)and injected intra-tumorally with Tie-2-siRNA/Lipofectamine and saline/Lipofectamine respectively.The tumor volume and weight,serum AFP and microvessel density(MVD)and the histological change of the tumor were tested after gene therapy.Results The growth inhibitory rates in gene therapy group were 26.94%,53.01% and 68.91% on day 4,7 and 10 after gene therapy respectively.The tumor volumes of gene therapy group(118.47,111.57 and 104.59 mm3)were smaller than those of the control group(162.17,237.46 and 336.41 mm3)respectively(P

Objective To investigate the role of ephrin A genes in the development of oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIR) in mice. Methods The OIR model was established by oxygen induction in new born C57BL/6J mice. Reversed transcript - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of ephrin A1-A5 in retinas of mice in experimental and normal control group. Results All of the ephrin A family genes expressed in normal retinas. Ephrin A1 mRNA was significantly higher in OIR group (t= 3.19, P = 0. 019); ephrin A2 mRN A was higher in the 15-day-old OIR retinas (t= 3. 71,P=0. 033) ; ephrin A3-A5 mRNA decreased or disappeared in 12- and 13-day-old RNV mice, and increased in 15-day-old OIR mice. Conclusion Ephrin A genes are involved in the development of retina and OIR.

Objective:To evaluate the value of diagnosis and therapy of cold knife conization with electro-cautery hemostasis by hysteroscope in the treatment of ceNical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods :A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was carried out in 193 cases with CIN underwent cold knife coniza-tion with electrocautery hemostasis by hysteroscope from January 2005 to November 2008, and all patients had pathological diagnosis under colposcopic biopsy.Results:The operative time was from 15 to 40 mi-nutes, and the blood loss dunng operation was from 5 to 25 milliliters.The coincidence rate of histopathology before and after conization was 67.88% in 131 cases.9 CIN Ⅲ patients had positive margins after opera-tion, owing to scab break off bleeding of cervical wound was encountered in 18 cases.No infection and cervi-cal adhesion or stenosis occurred.Conclusions :Cold knife conization with electrocautery hemostasis by hyst-eroscope is an effective diagnosis and treatment for CIN.

Objective:In order to establish ELISA method for testing tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc.Methods: Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc was tested by RT-PCR.Zingiber officinale Rosc leaves which only contained TMV were choiced.TMV particle was purified by centrifugation method.TMV CP was purified through preparation electrophoresis including 12％ SDS-PAGE first and then 5％-20％ gradient SDS-PAGE.Polyacrylamide gel contained TMV CP was ground into suspension.Mice were immuned with the suspension and antiserum was obtained.Antiserum quality was tested by Western blot and ELISA test.IgG was purified through affinity chromatography method.IgG solution was concentrated and dialyzed to a suitable concentration.The IgG then mixed with glycerol.Results: IgG in antiserum only combined with TMV CP protein and it could combine with nature TMV particle CP protein.Its quality was up to standard.Conclusion: Establishment of ELISA method for testing TMV infecting Zingiber offcinale Rosc is successfull by using this IgG.

Survivin,the smallest and structurally unique member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)family,is highly expressed during fetal development and rarely expressed in self -renewable healthy adult tissues.Moreover,it exists in most malignant tissues .Survivin is described as a bifunctional protein involving in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in normal and cancer cells .Due to its structural and functional distinctiveness ,survivin is currently attracting considerable attention as a new target for cancer molecular targeted therapy.Strategies to targeting Survivin include antisense oligonucletides ,ribozymes,siRNA,dominant negative mutants,small molecule antagonists and immunotherapy .

Objective To establish a method for the quantitative determination of sildenafil in aphrodisiacs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods Chromatography was carried on a Waters BEH C18 column (50 mmí2. 1 mm,1. 7 μm) with the column temperature being 35 ℃ and 0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate water solution (containing 0. 1% acetic acid)-acetonitril (7030) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 2 mL·min-1 . Determination was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode in two channels,475→100,475→283,using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Results Sildenafil had a good linear relationship in the range of 0. 1986-1. 986 ng with the linear regression equation being Y=27 750X+15 232 (r=0. 995 2). The average recovery was 96. 6% with RSD being 1. 8% (n=9). The limits of quantitation and detection were 0. 04 ng and 0. 01 ng,respectively. Conclusion The determination results of 10 batches of samples show that the method is sensitive and accurate and can be used as an appropriate technique to detect sildenafil in aphrodisiacs.

Objective To investigate the effect of teaching achievement of humanities courses joined with disease in gerontology. Methods 95 medical students were randomly divided into two groups:experiment group(n=48) and control group(n=47). Students in experiment group accepted humanities courses joined with disease in gerontology,while control group accepted only traditional courses in gerontology without humanism. Both of the two groups were under the same teacher and study period,and the global minimum essential requirements of undergraduate medical education was adopted ao the final examination. The marks of two groups were tested by t-test. Results There are obvious differences of teaching achievement between the two groups(P