patitis C.Conclusion Autoimmune reaction can be triggered by HCV infection;and autoimmunity is an immporant factor for liver tissue injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of oxycodong acetaminophen and celecoxib on the military training injury,and provide a reliable evidence for the usage of drugs. Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30),which were celecoxib group,oxycodone acetaminophen group and placebos group. The efficacy and safety were evaluatedv by the visual analogue score (VAS) before using the drug and the 2nd day,4th day,6th day,8th day after giving drugs. Results The VAS of celecoxib group at each time point were less than that of oxycodong acetaminophen group. And there were nearly no adverse reactions of celecoxib group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion The celecoxib has a good analgesic effect on military training injury and less adverse reactions. Which should be the first choice for paitents suffering from the pain of military training injury.

Objective To study the epidemiology of breast diseases based on a vast amount of data collected from a number of hospitals. Methods The pathological data of breast diseases collected from 14 hospitals were statistically analyzed. Grouping was made according to the patients′ age, i.e. every 10 years from 0 to 69 as a group, and the patients aged 70 and over as another group. A database was established using software SPSS (10.0). A statistical analysis was made on the types of breast diseases, the incidence was calculated, and curves were plotted up based on the types of disease and the contribution of patients′ age in different hospitals. Results A total of 35948 cases, including 46 diseases of breast diseases, were analyzed. The common diseases were fibroadenoma, carcinoma, adenosis, hyperplasia of male breast, cystic hyperplasia and accessory-breast, which made up 37.99%, 21.49%, 20.60%, 4.54%, 3.60% and 2.80%, respectively, of the total cases analyzed. Conclusion The number of patients suffering from breast diseases is proportional to the size of the hospital. It has been found that different pathology of the breast had its peak preponderant age of discovery. In all the cases analyzed, tumors were found in 23 167 cases, accounting for 64.45% of all patients, among which benign and malignant lesions constituted 66.13% and 33.74%, respectively. Fibroadenoma was the predominant tumor among benign tumors (89.14%), while the breast cancer constituted 98.82% of malignant tumors. The incidences of the both types of tumor, were similar in different hospitals. No significant difference was found on the peak ages of different breast diseases among the hospitals. 12 781 cases of nontumorous lesions accounting for 35.55% for all the cases showed marked differences in age distribution among hospitals, implying that there were different diagnostic criteria for such lesions.

Objective To study the protective effect of a hyperoxic solution on phosgene-induced lung injury by observing the changes in W/D ratio, lung water (LW), and L/B, and MDA contents, GSH-PX activity, and protein contents in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Methods The rabbits were divided into normal control group, hyperoxic solution (HO) and balance salt(BS) groups.Group HO and Group BS inhaled phosgene, and hyperoxic solution was given intravenously in group HO, but BS was given in group BS. W/D, LW, L/B, and MDA contents,GSH-PX activity,protein contents in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Results The MDA contents, W/D, LW and L/B were increased, and GSH-PX activity was decreased significantly in Group HO and Group BS compared with control group (P

Objective To study the efficacy and repeatability of the Limb X Film Measuring Plate (LXMP)in clinical x film measurement of lengths and angles of limbs.Methods The LXMP was de- signed and manufactured for testing.Three known points in 9 templates were taken as golden standards.which were to be compared with measuring results of these projected points on the X film for testing efficacy of LXMP.Twenty-one patients with knees osteoarthritis were selected.The lengths and angles of their lower limbs were measured twice with the help of LXMP by an observer at different time intervals for testing in. Tra-observer repeatability.Two observers measured once on films at the same time for testing inter-observer repeatability.The correlation coefficients,mean absolute difierences between the repeated measurements,and error rate were calculated. Results The points on LXMP could be seen clearly on X film.Validation tests showed the differences in angle measurement between golden standards and measuring results for those pro- jeted points on the X film were insignificant.with mean absolute difference being O.10.-0.21,error rate being 0.12%-3.15%and r being close to 1.The differences in length measurement were insignificant ei- ther,with mean absolute differenee being 0.05 cm-0.16 cm.error rate being 0.12%-o.28%and r being close to 1.The intra-observer repeatability test for beth angles and lengths showed that r was close to I.mean absolute diffefences 0.55.and 0.1-0.37cm and error rate 0.3l%-O.97%.while the inter-observer re- peatability test showed that r was close to 1.mean absolute difierences o.39.and0.05-0.13cm and error rate O.16%-O.35%. Conclusion The Limb X Film Measuring Plate Can be used for accurately mcasuring limb lengths and angles with good efficacy and repeatability.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhalation of different concentrations of isoflurane on global and regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglu) in healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) scan.Methods The study was approved by the ethic committee of the hospital. After obtaining written informed consent we studied eight right-handed healthy volunteers (3 male, 5 female), aged 21-28 yrs. Each volunteer underwent 3 PET scans.They were fasted for 8 h prior to study. The PET scan was performed when conscious, at 0.5 and 1.0 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. The interval between two PET scans was 1 week. Scans were obtained with a MASEP CPET Plus scanner (2.0 mm resolution-FWHM) using the 18 fluorodeoxyglucose technique. Results The whole brain CMRglu averaged 30.0?1.1 ?mol?100 mg-1?min-1 when the volunteer was awake. Isoflurane anesthesia significantly reduced whole-brain CMRglu by 24% to 23.3?1.4 ?mol?100 mg-1?min-1 at 0.5 MAC and by 41% to 18.4?0.9 ?mol?100mg-1?min-1 at 1.0 MAC (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of flurbiprofen axetil pretreatment on the level of central β-endorphin in a rat model of incisional pain.Methods Fifty-four SPF male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-7 weeks,weighing 180-230 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),incisional pain group (group Ⅰ) and flurbiprofen axetil pretreatnent group (group FA).At 30 min before the model of incisional pain was established,fat emulsion 1 ml was injected via the caudal vein in group Ⅰ,and flurbiprofen axetil 6 mg/kg (diluted to 1 ml in fat emulsion) was injected via the caudal vein in group FA.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before establishment of the model and 1,6 and 12 h after establishment of the model (T1-3).The rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at T1-3,and the lumbar enlargement segment of the spinal cord and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus specimens were obtained for determination of β-endorphin content (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and β-endorphin expression (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased at T1-3 in I and FA groups,the content and expression of β-endorphin in the spinal cord were significantly decreased at T2,3,and the content and expression of β-endorphin in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were increased at T1 in group Ⅰ,and the content and expression of β-endorphin in the spinal cord and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were significantly increased at T1-3 in group FA (P＜0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the MWT was significantly increased,and the content and expression of β-endorphin in the spinal cord and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were increased at T1-3 in group FA (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which flurbiprofen axetil pretreatment produces analgesic effect may be related to the increased level of central β-endorphine in a rat modal of incisional pain.

Objective:To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule -1(sICAM-1)in blood serum and gingival tissue in rat periodontitis model in normoxia and chronic intermittent hypoxia environment. Methods:32 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =8):normoxia control group(group A),normoxia periodontitis group(group B),hypoxic control group(group C)and hypoxia periodontitis group(group D).The periodontitis models were estab-lished by ligating the bilateral maxillary second molar and raised by periodontitis diet.The rats in hypoxia groups were raised under chronic intermittent hypoxia environment,while those in normoxia groups were raised under normoxia environment.After 8 weeks, plaque index(PLI),bleeding index(BI)and attachment lost(AL)were measured,TNF-αand sICAM-1 concentrations in blood serum and gingival tissue were measured by ELISA.Results:TNF-αand sICAM-1 concentrations in blood serum and gingival tissue in group A were higher than those in group B,C(P ＜0.05);in group D were lower than in group B and C(P ＜0.05).TNF-αand sICAM-1 levels in blood serum and gingival tissue were positively correlated with AL(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:In chronic intermittent hypoxic environment TNF-αand sICAM-1 may aggravate periodontitis,and promote the inflammatory response to peripheral vascular system.

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Valerian ; chemistry

Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia are more likely to die prematurely than the general population. They have a higher risk of cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotic medications are also known to be associated with the prolongation of the rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval, which is linked to dangerous arrhythmias. The primary objective of our study is to investigate the practice of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring for patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalised. The secondary objective is to evaluate the prevalence of QTc prolongation in this group of patients. Methods: We included patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from the acute general adult psychiatric wards of the Institute of Mental Health in Singapore from 1 July 2014 to 21 July 2014. A retrospective analysis of the medical records was carried out to assess if they had received ECG during their hospitalisation. We also analysed their risk of developing QTc prolongation. Results: We had a sample size of 107 patients. There were 31 patients (29·0%) who received ECG during their hospitalisation. Of the 95 patients who had moderate-to-high risk of developing QTc prolongation, 29 of them received ECG. Of the 31 patients who received ECG, 10 of them (32·3%) had QTc prolongation. Conclusion: The ECG monitoring in the study patients was inadequate, and as a result, we were unable to evaluate the prevalence of prolonged QTc interval with confidence. We recommend performing baseline ECGs for these patients and conducting ECG teachings for clinicians who work in the psychiatric service settings. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 17 (2): July – December 2016: XX XX.