Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

Asia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Objective To assess the clinical siginificance of the cardiopulmonary resuscitator in respiratory and cardiac arrest patients by comparing the curative effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitator and bare-handed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods 102 patients on the verge of the death were randomiy divided into two groups and begin to CPR in four seconds after confirmation of respiratory and cardiac arrest. Patients in group 1 were given bare-handed CPR. Patients in group 2 were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by cardiopulmonary resuscitator. Patients in both group 1 and group 2 received lasting CPR according to the 2010 GUIDE of CPR, then we observed their self-heart-beating, self-breathing, caroid puise, expression, puplillas, ECG. Results In the group 1,the effective case was 1,the non-effcctive cases were 63,the effective rate was 1.56%. In the group 2, the effective cases were 6, the non-effective cases were 31, the effective rate was 16.21%, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups ( <0.01) . Conclusion Cardiopulmonary resuscitator has good effect in cardiopulmomary resuscitation for respiratory and cardiac arrest patients, and the effective rate is significantly higher than bare-handed CPR,so it deserves clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of leflunomide in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy-Ⅳ (DN-Ⅳ).Methods Sixty cases with DN-Ⅳ were assigned to the leflunomide treatment group and the control group.Both groups were given hypoglycemic,antihypertensive,regulate lipid and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ inhibitor class of drugs.Meanwhile patients in the treatment group were orally administered leflunomide once daily for two month with a dose of 50 mg/d in the first three days and 20 mg/d afterwards.24 hour pre-and post-treatment values of urinary protein,C-reactive protein (CRP),endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),albumin (ALB),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure were measured.Analyzed the correlation of Ccr with other laboratory indicators after treatment for one year.Results At 24 hour before treatment,after treatment for two months and one year,the level of 24 h urinary protein of the treatment group (n =26) were (3.75 ± 0.94)g/24 h,(2.02 ± 0.45) g/24 h,and (2.46 ± 0.55) g/24 h respectively,and the level of Ccr were (69.04 ± 13.35) ml/min,(71.35 ± 11.25) ml/min,and (67.48 ± 10.58) ml/min respectively.While in the control group(n =28),the 24 h urinary protein level of were (3.68 ± 1.03) g/24 h,(3.43 ± 0.65) g/24 h,and (5.46 ±0.47) g/24 h respectively at the three time points,and the Ccr level were (68.55 ± 10.09) ml/min,(66.76 ± 9.45) ml/min,(57.50 ± 15.75) ml/min respectively.The levels of 24 h urinary protein in the treatment group after treatment for two months and one year were significantly lower than before treatment in the treatment group as well as at the corresponding period of the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the level of Ccr in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group at the same period,and the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CRP,TG,TC,HbAlc and systolic pressure in the treatment group after treatment for two months and one year were significantly lower than that of control group at the same period,while ALB was significantly higher than before treatment in the treatment group as well as at the corresponding period of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The 24 h urine protein,TC,systolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with Ccr after treatment for one year (β =-0.771,-0.682,0.656,-0.530respectively;P ＜0.01).Conclusion Leflunomide treatment of diabetic nephropathy was safe and effective,but the duration of leflunomide treatment and second selection time of leflunomide therapy needed to further study.

The ultrastructure of magnetotactic bacteria strain WD\|1 was reported.A thin sectioned profile of it clearly showed its cell wall,cell membrane,poly\|?\|hydroxybutyrates and magnetosomes.Meanwhile,the method of batch culture of strain WD\|1 was also reported,135mg/L dry cells could be gotten with this method.The energy profiles of X\|ray collected after electron excitation in SEM indicated that both dry cells and magnetosomes contained such mineral elements as P,S,Ca,Si,Al and Fe with different content.The iron content of its cells and magnetosomes was 3 07% and 84 57% respectively.

DICOM standard is a compulsory international standard for the establishment of Integrated Hospital Information System (IHIS) and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). This paper introduces such information of DICOM3.0 as its generation, components, operational mechanism and application. To understand DICOM standard exactly is helpful for the efficient operation of PACS.

Palmer-foot hyperhidrosis is one kind of focal hyperhidrosis, with symptoms of sweating hands or feet. Some people even have sweat dripping off their hands or feet. This article studied the views of TCM on palmer-foot hyperhidrosis, expounded the pathological and physiological relationship between palmer-foot hyperhidrosis and spleen and stomach, and proposed that clinical treatment should be based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment of spleen and stomach, which can achieve certain efficacy.