Objective To examine the influence of inra-articular injection of tranexamic acid on blood loss after total knee replacement. Methods 50 patients with unilateral primary total knee replacement were enrolled and they were randomly divided into two groups:the stud-y group (n=25 cases),which were given intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid (1 000 mg) and drain clamping for 2 hour posteratively, and the control group ( n=25 cases) ,which were given physiologic saline. The blood loss,postoperative volume of drainage,hemoglobin lev-el,hematocrit,blood transfusion cases,D-dimer level and deep venous tromboemblic ( DVT) events were recorded. Results Postoperative volume of drainage,blood transfusion cases and D-dimer level were lower in the study group (P<0. 05). Hemoglobin level and hematocrit were higher in the study group (P<0. 05). No DVT ocurred in the two groups. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid with 2 hours of drain-clamping is effective for reducing postoperative blood loss in total knee replacement, and there is noincrease of deep venous tromboemblic.

AlM:To investigate the efficacy of highly hydrophilic soft contact lenses for persistent corneal epithelial defects. METHODS: ln this retrospective case analysis, 28 patients ( 28 eyes ) with persistent corneal epithelial defects after anterior segment surgery from January 2011 to June 2013 in our hospital were reviewed. After regular treatment for at least 2wk, the persistent corneal epithelial defects were treated with highly hydrophilic soft contact lenses, until the corneal epithelial healing. Continued to wear the same lens no more than 3wk, or in need of replacement the new one. All cases were followed up for 6mo. Key indicators of corneal epithelial healling, corneal fluorescein staining and ocular symptoms improvement were observed.RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes were cured (75. 00%), markedly effective in 5 eyes (17. 86%) , effective in 2 eyes (7. 14%), no invalid cases, the total efficiency of 100. 00%. Ocular symptoms of 25 cases (89. 29%) relieved within 2d, the rest 3 cases (10. 71%) relieved within 1wk. The corneal epithelial of 6 cases ( 21. 43%) repaired in 3wk, 13 cases (46. 43%) in 6wk, 7 cases (25. 00%) in 9wk, 2 cases ( 7. 14%) over 12wk. There were no signs of secondary infection. And no evidence of recurrence in 6mo.CONCLUSlON: Highly hydrophilic soft contact lenses could repair persistent corneal epithelial defects after anterior segment surgery significantly, while quickly and effectively relieve a variety of ocular irritation.

P2X receptors are ligand gated ion channels, extracellular ATP is their natural extracellular ligand. When any of the subtypes of P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are combined, P2X channel opens, allowing cations (calcium, sodium, potassium, etc. ) pass through. Enteric nervous system is composed of the gut myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, in both of which P2X receptors exist, mediating different effects under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the enteric nervous system,P2X receptor distribution and related functions are reviewed in order to further explore the P2X receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.

Objective To explore the accuracy and feasibility of infrared computer navigation for femur,tibia tunnel positioning in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods Data of patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction using infrared computer navigation from January 2012 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 26 males and 9 females,with an average age of 26.8 years old.35 patients were with concomitant meniscal injury 21 cases,and 3 cases with medial collateral ligament injury.All patients were treated with gracilis and semitendinosus knit stitch as grafts,and bone ends were made with hydroxyapatite extrusion screws,door-shaped nails and porous plate.Results The mean follow-up time was 16 months.The rate of postoperative femoral tunnel site measurements was 63.8％±6.6％,and tibial tunnel site measurements was 45.7％±4.2％.1 patient appeared heterotopic ossification in tibia tracker pinhole 3 months after surgery,and the joint activities was normal.Lachman test:there were 1 case with Ⅱ degree,30 with Ⅲ degree,and 4 with Ⅳ degree before operation,and 33 with Ⅰ degree,1 with Ⅱ degree,1 with Ⅲ degree after operation.The KT-1000 test was from 6.47±0.75 mm preoperatively to 1.01±1.14 mm postoperatively.Preoperative knee laxity differences was more than 5 mm in 32 cases,3-5 mm in 3,and after operation they were 0-3 mm in 31,3-5 mm in 2,and less that 0 mm in 2 cases.Lysholm score and Tegner scores were from preoperative 52.74± 10.91 points and 4.64± 1.34 points to postoperative 93.97±4.13 and 6.56±0.81 points.ROM was from 85.6°± 11.2° to 118.3°±5.7°;33 cases were without flexion and extension limited; two cases had knee flexion,extension limitation less than 10°.After straight leg raising training and proprioception functional training for 6 months,the knee ROM returned to normal.Conclusion Infrared computer assisted navigation system for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is to navigate through the use of anatomical landmarks and kinematic data,kinematic data by detecting and recording the knee,selected a secure tunnel site,viable surgical method,you can make femur,tibia tunnel position more accurately,good curative effect evaluation.

Objective To explore the unified assessment methods based on present situation of after-department examination during the internship in the department of obstetrics and gynecology.Methods The present situation of after-department examination in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in 36 comprehensive hospitals of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College were investigated through interviews and research papers including 12 grade A hospital of the first class hospital (33.33％),19 grade A hospital of the second class(52.78％) and 5 grade B hospital of the second class(13.89％).Totally 137 students of clinical major in 4 grade A hospital of the second class were enrolled and were divided into study group(n=72) and control group(n=65).hems of theoretical examination and skill examination as well as the evaluation standard were established combining with the syllabus of the licensed assistant doctors and the talent training scheme requirements.Students in study group were trained according to the practice syllabus,skill examination requirement and evaluation require-ment while those in control group had no cmresponding requirement.After-department examination was organized by school at the end of internship.The full score of theoretical examination and skill examination score was 50 respectively.Smvey results of after-depamnent examination were analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test and the results of after-depamnent examination were analyzed by t test.Results The hospitals having the after-department examination accounted for 80.56％(29/36).The hospitals having the after-depamnent examination according to the practice syllabus requirements accounted for only 20.69％(6/29).After the intervention,theoretical examination scores of study group and control group were 40.31 ± 3.47 and 35.78 ± 4.92,respectively,with statistically significant differences(t=6.26,P=0.000).The skills assessment scores of study group and control group were 40.42 ± 3.02 and 34.05 ± 5.18,respectively,with statistically significant differences(t=8.90,P=0.000).Conclusions The after-department examination in hospital is in a state of randomness,so unified assessment methods are necessary.

Objective: To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of amygdalin, aucubin, harpagide, peimisine, peimine and peiminine in Keling capsules simultaneously.Methods: An Ultimate XB C 18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm , 5 μm) chromatographic column was adopted with an ELSD (the drift tube temperature was 105℃, the flow rate of nitrogen was 2.0 L·min-1).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-methanol (1∶1) and 0.4% acetic acid solution with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 ml·min-1 , and the column temperature was set at 35 ℃.Results: Amygdalin, aucubin, harpagide, peimisine, peimine and peiminine was linear within the range of 13.56-271.20 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 2), 8.48-169.60 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9), 4.89-97.80 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 7), 2.66-53.20 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 4), 1.82-36.40 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 8) and 2.04-40.80 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 6), respectively.The average recovery and the corresponding RSD were 97.90% (1.20%), 99.21% (1.62%), 97.68% (0.75%), 98.36% (1.38%), 99.70% (0.79%) and 97.95% (1.56%)(n =6), respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple and specific, and the results are accurate and repeatable.The method is helpful to the quality control of Keling capsules.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and ADR of blue and red light phototherapy combined with TCM exter-nal treatment in the treatment of ecthyma. METHODS:64 ecthyma patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by number with 32 cases in each group. Both groups were provided with intravenous drip of Erigeron injection and Shenxiong glucose injection to improve limb microcirculation. The experimental group was also provided with blue and red light phototherapy (blue light 20 min+ red light 20 min) combined with TCM external treatment once a day;while control group was provided with only TCM external treatment once a day. After 1 month treatment,clinical efficacy and healing time of 2 groups were observed and compared,and ADR monitoring was conducted. RESULTS:The cure rate of experimental group was 78.13%, and the total effective rate was 96.88%,which were higher than those of control group(40.63% and 81.25%),there was statisti-cally significant difference (P<0.05). The average healing time of experimental group was (18.75 ± 5.97) d,and that of control group was(27.12 ± 6.67)d;there was statistically significant difference between 2 groups (P<0.05). No ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Blue and red light phototherapy combined with TCM external treatment in the treatment of ecthyma has the remarkable curative effect and good safety,and shorten the healing time.

Erectile dysfunction was one of the most frequently postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy,which has been deeply concentrated by patients and urologists,along with more and more people were diagnosed as localized prostate cancer.Widely being used for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy,the efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have been confirmed by many clinical studies.However,the influences of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on the occurrence and progression of cancer are still not completely revealed at present.Additionally,the efficiency of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomny is still controversial,though it has been demonstrated that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors is not associated with the occunrence of prostate cancer based on recent clinical studies.We will review the possibly mechanisms of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in oncologic occurrence,especially in the occurrence of prostate cancer and its biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the hospital of traditional Chinese medicine to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hospital infections.Methods Various submitted specimens from the inpatients in our hospital from Jan.2012 to Dec.2014 were performed the isolation and culture,bacterial identification and drug susceptibility analysis.Results In these 3 years,the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa positive strains was gradually increased year by year;the detection rate of sputum specimens was highest;which were mainly isolated from the patients in the respirtion department and cardiology department;the drug resistance rate of non-restricted,restricted and special antibacterial drugs showed an overall downward trend.Conclusion The sseudomonas aeruginosa isolated rate is increased year by year,the antimicrobial drugs classification management achieves initial results,and the overuse or unreasonable use of antibacterial drugs should be prevented.

BACKGROUND:Annulus puncture method is commonly reported in the establishment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) models, but there is a lack of comparative studies concerning complete MRI, pathologyical and extracellular matrix changes. Thereafter, a further exploration is imperative. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of establishing IDD models using annulus puncture. METHODS:Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (n=15 per group). In experimental group, through extraperitoneal approach, the L1-2, L2-3, and L3-4 intervertebral space were exposed, and then stabbed by 16-gauge hypodermic needles;while rabbits in sham operated group were only subjected to making and incision but not to puncture. Five rabbits in each group were randomly selected for MRI examination at 4, 8 and 16 weeks after modeling, and were sacrificed through air embolism to obtain the nucleus pulposus. Histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the level of proteoglycan was detected by Safranin O staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental group, T2-weighted signal in the disc was decreased in a time-dependent manner;an obvious reduction was found at 4 weeks after modeling, and reached the peak at 16 weeks. In contrast, the sham operated group showed no significant changes at each time point. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the experimental group, cartilage-like cells decreased, while fibroblast-like cells in the disc increased in number and proportion, and extracellular fibers were in disorder;all above changes became obvious at 4 weeks after surgery and the most obvious at 16 weeks, but there were no significant changes in the sham operated group. Safranin O staining revealed that the color of the tissues under puncture became lighter, and this variation became overt at 4 weeks after surgery and the most obvious at 16 weeks. In conclusion, annulus puncture is a reliable method to make IDD models.