Objective To compare the killing effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) induced by dendritic cells transduced recombinant adenovirus associated virus (rAAV ) with different hepatitis B virus gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X ) . Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B patients were isolated and transduced recombinant adeno‐associated virus with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen gene fragment (rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X) ,then GM‐CSF ,IL‐4 and TNFαwere added to cultivate for 7 days to generate mature dendritic cells (DCs) .The state of DCs were observed and differen‐tiation antigen molecules (CD)were detected by flow cytometry(FACS)to evaluate their maturation and function .Cytotoxic T lym‐phocytes (CTLs) were induced by the mixed cuture of DCs with prepared T lymphocytes .HepaG2 .2 .15 and HepaG2 were targed cells and the killing effect of CTLs wered compared using MTS assay .Results The expression of phenotype CD14 ,CD80 ,CD83 , CD86 from DCs transduced with rAAV‐HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X were compared ,respectively .Of which ,CD80 ,CD86 were significantly dif‐ferent(P<0 .05) .CD80 in group rAAV‐HBV‐X was the highest ,and CD83 in group rAAV‐HBV‐S was the highest .Cytotoxic effect of CTL induced by DC transduced with HBV antigen gene fragment of rAAV (S ,C ,E ,X) to target cells with HBV (HepG2 . 2 .15 cells) were significantly higher than that of without HBV target cells (HepG2 cells) (P<0 .01) ,but the four groups were no significant difference ,respectively(P>0 .05) .Conclusion HBV‐S ,C ,E ,X genes all induce M HC‐I dependently cytotoxic T‐lym‐phocytes specific response based adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector delivery into dendritic cells .

Objective To investigate the effects of emotional care on the quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation.Methods Emotional nursing intervention was conduced to 70 breast cancer patients undergoing radical operation. The modified life quality scale was used before and after the radical operations for the investigation of their quality of life.Result The score on the quality of life after emotional care was significantly higher than that after the emotional care(t=-2.07,P<0.05).Conclusion Emotional care may raise breast cancer patients’quality of life after the radical mastectomy.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of cefathiamidine, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium in the treatment of pediatric bronchopneumo-nia,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:By retrospective study,338 children with broncho-pneumonia were divided into groups A,B,C,D and E according to different therapy regimens. There were 75,65,76,66 and 56 cases in groups A,B,C,D and E,and they were given cefathiamidine,ceftriaxone sodium,cefuroxime sodium,amoxicillin sodium/clavulanate potassium and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium intravenously. The pharmacoeconomics of therapy regi-mens in group A,B,C,D and E were evaluated by cost-effectiveness analysis and decision tree analysis model. RESULTS:The effective rates of groups A,B,C,D and E were 93.33%,90.77%,96.05%,87.88% and 87.50%,respectively. The treatment cost of those groups were 1 929.09,2 173.73,1 611.91,1 661.42,1 801.32 yuan,respectively. The cost/effectiveness(C/E)ratio of those groups were 20.67,23.95,16.78,18.91,20.59,respectively. The treatment cost of group C was the smallest,so was the C/E. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Cefuroxime sodium is the best treatment for pediatric bronchopneumonia among 5 antibiotics in respect of cost-effectiveness.

Objective To study the clinical anesthetic effect of butorphanol combined with propofol in painless gastroscopy. Methods 90 patientswith stomachache check were randomly divided into observation group and control group,45 cases each. The observation group was received butorphanol combined with propofol and the control group were treated with fentanyl combined with propofol. The heart rate of pa-tients before anesthesia,during checking and conscious,the change of blood pressure and oxygen saturation,respiratory depression and anes-thetic effect were analyzed. Results The heart rate,blood pressure and oxygen saturation of two groups after treatment were decreased,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). The total volume of propofol and respiratory depression between the two groups were compared,the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). Conclusion Butorphanol combind with propofol in painless gastroscopy with long anesthesia time and low respiratory depression,which was worthy of promotion.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 and the pathological parameters in sporadic breast cancer. Method Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BRCA1 in 42 cases of breast cancer tissues and 30 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissues and analyzed the correlation of the results with other parameters which included tumor size,tumor type,histological grade and axillary lymph nodes metastases. Results The positive expression rate of BRCA1 was 52.4% (22/42) in breast cancer patients and 85.7% (36/42) in breast fibroadenoma patients. The lower positive expression rate of BRCA1 was found in axillary lymph nodes metastases (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate in stage Ⅲ of breast cancer was lower than that in stage Ⅰ (P < 0.05 ) and was also lower than that in stage Ⅱ (P < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ (P > 0.05). No significant correlation was observed among expression of BRCA1 and tumor size, tumor type (P > 0.05). Conclusions BRCA1 plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of breast cancer.BRCA1 maybe a adjuvant index for treating breast cancer and estimating prognosis.

Objective To explore whether health examination save medical insurance fund or not. Methods To observe the sparing medical cost which 371 health examination people avoid repeated checking and shorten the length of stay during hospitalization from March 2006 to March 2007. To observe the effect of sparing medical cost because of regular health examination, early discovery diseases, pretreatment promptly and avoidance transforming to advanced diseases. Results Because of avoiding repeated checking and shortening the length of stay,everybody save the medical cost about 570 yuan,371 people can save about 21 ten thousands yuan. To statistics the average hospital cost of different courses of eight common diseases and malignant tumors from January to November at 2007, we discovered that the medical cost is large distinction between the earlier period and advanced stage of disease. For example: the medical cost of one stage of hypertension is 6608 yuan ,the two stage is 8838 yuan ,the three stage is 13 869 yuan, and the stage of hypertensive heart disease is 13 033 yuan. Parts of health examination crowd who stay at my hospital from 1996 were visited for five years ,we conformed many chronic diseases by prompt intervention can relieve and even reverse, avoiding the transformation to incurable disease which will consume a large number of strength and money. Conclusion Health examination resource is a medical treatment resource which isn't restricted by social security fund, the utilization can not only save medical cost but also discover and treat diseases earlier, thus we can save the strength and money before the advanced diseases.

Objective To explore the effects of electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold on apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a sham-operated group,a myocardial infarction group,an ischemic electrical stimulation group and a non-ischemic electrical stimulation group.TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)was used to investigate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR)and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of caspase-3.Results ①Compared with the sham-operated group,the amount of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups and the ischemic myocardium group.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,apoptotic cardiomyocytes decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.②Compared with the sham-operated group,in the ischemic myocardium group and the two electrical stimulation groups,expression of caspase-3 increased significantly.Compared with the ischemic myocardium group,expression of caspase-3 decreased significantly in the two electrical stimulation groups.There was again no significant difference between the two electrical stimulation groups.Conclusions Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold can reduce ischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.The mechanisms may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of caspase-3.Electrical stimulation below the contraction threshold of the myocardium can also reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.

ObjectiveTo summarize the effect of staged operations strategy for delayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema.MethodsThree patients in the department of thoracic surgery of the second affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical university underwent staged operative treatment for delayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema.The primary operative procedure consisted of removal of empyema sac,T-tube drainage and jejunostomies.The second operative procedure included alimentary reconstruction with thoracic esophageal resection and exclusion,or with esophageal resection and exclusion later.ResultsAll cases were cured with mean hospitalization of 78.7 days.None of them had any dysphagia at followup of 5-14 months.ConclusionDelayed spontaneous rupture of esophagus with empyema can be managed safely and effectively through staged operations strategy.

This paper analyzes the necessity of offering medical English courses at the preclinical stage,introduces the online medical English listening course,summarizes its characteristics:rich in content,highly interactive,quick in feedback,fair in assessment,and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting this course in the future.

According to the base complementation, the principle antisense technology is the sequence specific binding of complementary antisense nucleic acids or their chemical modification to the nucleic acids in cells, resulting in the suppression or prevention of gene translation. For the treatment of cancer, a lot of antisense drugs have been designed, which target the genes involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. And some of them have been in clinical trials. The author reviewed the progress of the clinical trials of these antisense drugs.