Clinical observation was made on 11 cases of ureterosigmoidostomy during the period from 1959 to 1976. Age ranged from 27 to 65 years and 7 female and 4 male each. Underlying diseases at the time of operation were 6 cases of vesico-vaginal fistula and 5 cases of bladder tumor. Their operation time, amount of transfusion, electrolyte balance, early and late complications after operation were analyzed. It seemed to us that despite the many urologist abandon ureterosigmoidostomy and prefer ileal diversion, its usefulness is assessed in our paper and applicable to some selected patients.
Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

A good hydration status is important to the exercise performance and cognitive function of exercisers.The effective restoration of fluid balance after exercise is helpful to prevent dehydration,maintain body fluid balance,accelerate fatigue recovery,and enhance exercise performance.As the most effective sports nutrition supplement,sports beverage has different ingredients and formulas,and also has various effects.To provide clues for the development of sports beverage,this article reviews the types,components,effects,and mechanisms of sports beverage currently used in post-exercise fluid restoration.
Beverages ; Dehydration ; Exercise ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Sports ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare genetic renal disease characterized by insensitivity of the kidney to the anti-diuretic effect of vasopressin in spite of elevated serum anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). Failure of the kidney to respond to ADH results in impaired osmoregulation and water reabsorption of the kidney, therefore, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presents with a large amount of hypotonic polyuria, polydipsia, and dehydration. We report our experience of two familial cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in brothers both having c.910+1delG in intron 2 of the AVPR2 gene with the brief review of related literatures.
Dehydration ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic ; Humans ; Introns ; Kidney ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Siblings ; Vasopressins ; Water ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

A typical pattern of daily water exchange was determined in 10 medical students during three different seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The daily water intake was averaged to 3,810ml of which 1,256ml was from liquids, 2,055ml from the water contained in food and 500ml from the water of oxidation. On the other hand, the daily water output was 1,844ml by urinary loss, 144ml by fecal loss and 1,819ml by evaporative loss. The above quantitative pattern of daily water exchange in the Korean remained unchanged throughout the year. The daily urinary output of NaCl and urea-nitrogen was in the order of 20gm and 10gm, respectively. Furthermore, the magnitude of daily water intake was well correlated to the daily urinary output of NaCl but little correlated to that of urea-nitrogen. A comparison of these data with the corresponding figures obtained from the occidental indicates that the daily water intake and the daily urinary output of NaCl were significant1y greater in the Korean than those in the occidental. On the basis of these results, the greater water intake in the Korean was attributed to their high salt intake.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; *Diuresis ; Human ; Kidney/*physiology ; Korea ; Male ; *Water ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Our own preliminary experiences with the use of lactated Ringer solution during major surgery have been reported. We used 10cc/kg/hr in 40 patients throughout the operative period, and compared them with a control group of 30. Observations were made for the following; RBC, Hct, Hgb, electrolytes, and urine output. There were no significant differences in blood constituents and electrolytes between the two groups, but considerable increase in urinary outupt was noticed in the experimental group during 24 hour post-operative period. Blood transfusion had been done to replace blood loss and the experimental group had considerable reduction of transfused blood volume during surgery. We accept and produce evidence for the concept, pronounced by Epstein, that decrease in functional rextra-cellular fluid is a major determinant to sodium excretion. A major limitation of post-operative sodium excretion seemed to be the acute contraction of the functional extracelluar fluid incurred by surgery. If the losses of extracellular fluid were replaced during the operation, the phenomenon of sodium retention, was not seen. Neither normal saline nor 5% dextrose adequately replace the extracellular loss and kidneys do not eliminate excess water in this way. Lactated Ringer solution prevents acidosis and concomittant retention of water and sodium, and at the same time, sodium is adequately eliminated. It appears that this is an advance in managing fluid and electrolyte balance during surgery.
Acidosis ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Volume ; Electrolytes ; Extracellular Fluid ; Glucose ; Humans ; Kidney ; Sodium ; Water ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Maintaining adequate fluid balance is essential for all biological functions in the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vulnerability to dehydration by analyzing age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and blood lipid parameters in health checkup examinees who visited Sahmyook Seoul Hospital for comprehensive health checkups. In a binary logistic regression analysis stratified by age and body mass index the odd ratio for dehydration was as high as 3.317 (95% CI: 1.666~6.605) in the 50s age group, 4.224 (95% CI: 2.038~8.755) in the 60s age group, and 4.610 (95% CI: 1.943~10.940) in the above 70s age group compared to 20s reference age group. Aged females showed greater vulnerability to dehydration with significance levels of P<0.01 and P<0.001. Compared to a normal weight (BMI: 18.5~22.9) the odd ratio was higher in males with an under weight (BMI: less than 18.5) (5.130 [95% CI: 1.631~16.132]) and in females with an over weight (BMI: 23.0~24.9) (1.500 [95% CI: 1.065~2.114]). In conclusion, our results showed that vulnerability to dehydration increased with age and was higher in under weight males and over weight females than that in normal weight.
Body Mass Index* ; Dehydration* ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Seoul ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Adipsic hypernatremia is a rare disorder of hypothalamic osmoreceptor dysfunction for thirst. It is frequently associated with a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. We report the first case in Korea of adipsic hypernatremia combined with subnormal ADH response to osmotic stimuli without any demonstrable structural lesion. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with general weakness. In a hypernatremic hyperosmolar state, she denied thirst and did not drink spontaneously. Her plasma ADH level was markedly subnormal but she had no large volume of dilute urine. Investigation of osmoregulation by infusion of hypertonic saline revealed adipsia and an absolute deficiency in antidiuretic hormone release, despite a serum osmolarity in excess of 321 mOsmol/kg. There was no structural lesion of the hypothalamus and no abnormal finding in hypothalamic-pituitary function. After diagnosis, she was treated successfully with intentional water intake alone.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hypernatremia ; Hypothalamus ; Korea ; Osmolar Concentration ; Plasma ; Thirst ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Urinary examination has formed part of patient assessment since the earliest days of medicine. Current definitions of oliguria are essentially arbitrary, but duration and intensity of oliguria have been associated with an increased risk of mortality, and this risk is not completely attributable to the development of concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI) as defined by changes in serum creatinine concentration. The increased risk of death associated with the development of AKI itself may be modified by directly or indirectly by progressive fluid accumulation, due to reduced elimination and increased fluid administration. None of the currently extant major illness severity scoring systems or outcome prediction models use modern definitions of AKI or oliguria, or any values representative of fluid volumes variables. Even if a direct relationship with mortality is not observed, then it is possible that fluid balance or fluid volume variables mediate the relationship between illness severity and mortality in the renal and respiratory physiological domains. Fluid administration and fluid balance may then be an important, easily modifiable therapeutic target for future investigation. These relationships require exploration in large datasets before being prospectively validated in groups of critically ill patients from differing jurisdictions to improve prognostication and mortality prediction.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Creatinine ; Critical Illness ; Dataset ; Humans ; Mortality ; Oliguria* ; Prospective Studies ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

PURPOSE: Fever plays an important role in causing disturbances in the fluid and electrolyte balance, especially in an immature brain. Recently, it was reported that hyponatremia enhanced the susceptibility of febrile convulsions in children and increased the risk of repeat convulsions during the same febrile illness. We studied the relationship between hyponatremia and febrile convulsions. METHODS: Blood samples for electrolyte measurements were taken from 52 children who visited Chosun University Hospital between June 1997 and July 1998(patient group I: simple febrile convulsion, patient group II: repeated febrile convulsions). We checked serum electrolytes in groups of age-matched controls(control group I: no fever, no convulsion, control group II: fever only, control group III: non-febrile convulsion). The results were analyzed by Student's t-test and ANOVA test. RESULTS: The mean serum sodium level of both patient groups(136.8+/-2.3mmol/L) was significantly lower when compared to all control groups(control groupI: 140.7+/-2.5mmol/L, control group II: 139.7+/-3.1mmol/L, control group III: 139.7+/-4.6mmol/L)(P<0.05). The mean serum sodium levels were not different between each of the control groups(P>0.05). The mean serum sodium level in the group with repeat convulsions(136.8+/-2.4mmol/L) was not significantly lower than the mean in the group with simple febrile convulsions(136.7+/-2.2mmol/L). There was no statistical relationship between the level of serum sodium and the probability of repeat convulsions(r=0.19, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that low serum sodium concentration may increase the risk of febrile convulsions. However, there is no statistical relationship between the level of serum sodium and the probability of repeat convulsions. These findings warrant further studies on the relationship between the control of electrolyte levels and seizures.
Brain ; Child ; Electrolytes ; Fever ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Sodium* ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Water-Electrolyte Balance