No abstract available.
Hyponatremia ; Motor Activity* ; Water Intoxication ; Weather*

Cyclophosphamide is frequently used for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis, but is very rarely associated with dilutional hyponatremia. Recently we experienced a case of water intoxication following low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Five hours after one dose of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide 750 mg, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, and general weakness. Serum sodium concentration revealed 114 mEq/L and her hyponatremia was initially treated with hypertonic saline infusion. Then her serum sodium concentration rapidly recovered to normal with water restriction alone. During the course of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide therapy, one must be aware of the possibility of significant water retention.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Lupus Nephritis ; Nausea ; Sodium ; Vomiting ; Water Intoxication*

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that requires careful management. Water intoxication with hyponatremia is rare condition that originated from overhydration. Water intoxication, also known as dilutional hyponatremia, develops only because the intake of water exceeds the kidney's ability to eliminate water. Causes of this water intoxication include psychiatric disorder, forced water intake as a form of child abuse and iatrogenic infusion of excessive hypotonic fluid. We experienced and reported a case of symptomatic hyponatremia by forced water intake as a form of child abuse.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Water Intoxication

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that requires careful management. Water intoxication with hyponatremia is rare condition that originated from overhydration. Water intoxication, also known as dilutional hyponatremia, develops only because the intake of water exceeds the kidney's ability to eliminate water. Causes of this water intoxication include psychiatric disorder, forced water intake as a form of child abuse and iatrogenic infusion of excessive hypotonic fluid. We experienced and reported a case of symptomatic hyponatremia by forced water intake as a form of child abuse.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Water Intoxication

Radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) after surgery reduces local recurrence and cancer related death. Cases of hyponatremia after preparation for RAIT have rarely been reported. We report 4 cases of hyponatremia which developed after RAIT. The cause of hyponatremia seemed to be related with over ingestion of free water which is recommended during RAIT. These cases highlighted the importance of weight adjusted water ingestion during RAIT.
Eating ; Humans ; Hyponatremia* ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Iodine* ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Water ; Water Intoxication

There appeared remarkably common disorder of water balance in psychiatric patients. Approximately 30% of the chronic inpatient population drinks fluids excessively, so called polydipsic, while 5% suffers episodes of water intoxication. Water intoxication is a serious problem characterized by profound hyponatremia and a diverse neurologic signs ranging from ataxia, confusion to death. The cause of polydipsia is even less clear. Although previous studies have suggested that it is related to cognitive dysfunction the possibility of an abnormality in the osmoregulation of thirst has not been investigated. But there is the hypothesis that polydipsic, hyponatremic schizophrenics exhibit increased neuroendocrine and behavioral sensitivity to dopamine in mesolimbic tracts, in proportion to the severity of their osmoregulatory disturbance. In order to provide the optimal clinical management of these common disturbances, the author will review their pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and relationship with mental illness.
Ataxia ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inpatients ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osmoregulation ; Polydipsia* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Thirst ; Vasopressins* ; Water Intoxication*

Water intoxication associated with hyponatremia is a rare and sometimes fatal complication of oxytocin. We report a 18-year-old primigravida who presented with vomiting, seizures, and stuporous mental state after abortion with oxytocin infusion. The serum sodium was 116 mEq/L and serum osmolality was 234 mosm/kg. The serum sodium level as well as clinical symptoms were improved after hypertonic saline infusion. We suggest that the serum electrolytes and osmolarity should be examined in patients who presenting with seizure and altered mental state with history of labour or abortion.
Adolescent ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxytocin ; Seizures* ; Sodium ; Stupor ; Vomiting ; Water Intoxication*

Dilutional hyponatremia as one of the postoperative complications shows around 0.34% in pediatric patients, of which iatrogenic administration of salt-free water is the major cause. Aggressive management should be performed if neurologic symptoms and signs coexist. He/she may be expired of respiratory arrest in severe cases, or permanent neurologic sequelae might persist. We report a case of female pediatric surgical patient who received general anesthesia for Salter innominate osteotomy and had generalized convulsions following 5% dextrose administration. Sodium concentration at immediate postconvulsive period revealed 122 mEq/L, appropriate fluid & electrolyte therapy was performed, then sodium level was successfully restored without any sequelae found. We emphasize that it should be checked out prudently whether postoperative free water is administered in the case of postoperative convulsion, while surgical stimuli and anesthesia itself elevate serum antidiuretic hormone level.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osteotomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Seizures* ; Sodium ; Water ; Water Intoxication

We report a case of fatal water intoxication in a schizophrenic patient. A 41-year-old schizophrenic male, who was admitted to a psychiatric hospital, was found dead in the restroom of the hospital. He had drunk many bowls of tap water before. On the postmortem examination, the brain was diffusely edematous, but no apparent herniation was noted. The lung was mildly expanded with edema. The stomach and intestine were diffusely expanded, and the intestine and mesentery were extensively edematous. Bilateral hydronephrosis was observed. A subcapsular hematoma with focal cortical rupture was observed in the right kidney. The vitreous sodium was 102 mEq/l and potassium was 10.5 mEq/l.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Brain ; Edema ; Hematoma ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lung ; Male ; Mesentery ; Potassium ; Rupture ; Sodium ; Stomach ; Water Intoxication

Complication of transurethral prostatic resection is hemorrhage, water intoxication, urethral stricture, perforation of bladder neck and surgical capsule, urinary incontinence . and infection. Hemorrhage is the most usual complication of TURP. Measurement of blood loss during TURP is very difficult because of dilution of blood with irrigating fluid and is very important to management of patient during and after surgery because its objectives are elderly patient. We studied the blood loss during TURP in 41 patients from Jan., 1984 to June, 1985, but 6patients were excluded because blood transfusion was performed during TURP by recognition of massive blood loss. Blood loss was measured in 35 cases by spectrophotometer used benzidine-heme color reaction. Following results were obtained. 1. Blood loss during TURP per time was 329+/-241 ml (Mean+/-S.D.) 2. Resection time was 71+21 min (Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per minute was 4.61 ml. Correlation coefficient between resection time and blood loss was +0.12 and was not significant. 3. Resected prostatic chip weight was 17.6+/-7.3 gm(Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per gram was 18.7 ml. Correlation coefficient between resected weight and lood loss was +0.29 and was significant weakly. 4. Irrigation fluid was used 22.2+8.l L (Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per liter was 14.8ml. Correlation coefficient between irrigation fluid and blood loss was +0.32 and was significant weakly.
Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Neck ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Water Intoxication