Objectives:To evaluate the concentration differences of sulforaphene and sulforaphane at various ages and in different pairs of Raphanus sativus L.var.caudatus with respect to their potential cancer preventive effect on HCT116 colon cancer cells.Methods:FTIR-ATR and GC-MS were used to characterize the isothiocyanates in the plant extracts followed by HPLC for quantification.Antiproliferation and apoptosis induction were determined by using MTT assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Results:The respective rank of anticancer activity ofRaphanus sativus were as follows:vegetative (3 week) ＜ older rosette (4 week) ＜ early-bolting (5 week) ＜ senescence (7 week) ＜ late-bolting (6 week).The low to high concentration of sulforaphene and sulforaphane occurred in the same stage order.Conclusions:The reproductive parts (flower,pod,and dry seed) of Raphanus sativus have the greatest isothiocyanate concentration,evidenced by a sulforaphene concentration higher than the sulforaphane.This result should inform the selection of the most appropriate harvesting stage and plant part for use as a potential chemopreventive agent.

Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of the extract fraction of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep and the synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from P. evecta by using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Methods: The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) was prepared and was further fractionated to isolate various fractions. The anticancer activity was investigated from cytotoxicity against HepG2 using a neutral red assay and apoptosis induction by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Synergistic anticancer effects of the extracts from P. evecta were performed using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. Results: The result showed that the EW-L showed higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells than its fractionated extracts. The hexane extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction than the water extracts, but less than the EW-L. The combined water and hexane extracts apparently increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. The %apoptotic cells induced by the extract mixture were increased about 2-fold compared to the single hexane extract. Conclusions: The polar extract fraction is necessary for the anticancer activity of the non-polar extract fraction. The ATR/FT-IR spectra illustrates the physical interaction among the constituents in the extract mixture and reveals the presence of polyphenolic constituents in the EW-L, which might play a role for the synergistic anticancer effect.

Objective: To investigate biomolecular alteration of sesamol on human lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-1) cells compared with cisplatin using Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR). Methods: Cytotoxicity of sesamol was investigated against SK-LU-1 cells by using neutral red. DNA fragmentation and the cell cycle analysis were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, respectively. The FTIR microscopy technique was applied to explore the changes in cellular biochemical compositions in cells treated with sesamol that the biochemical and biological assays cannot cover. The alkylating property was determined by 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine assay. Results: Sesamol and cisplatin exerted an antiproliferative effect at 48 h with respective IC50 values of 2.7 and 0.07 mM. Both induced apoptosis by causing DNA damage and accumulation of cell populations at sub-G1. FTIR microscopy and Principle Component Analysis clearly discriminated the sesamol- and cisplatin-treated cells from the untreated cells or control. A significant increase of total lipid content was found in cisplatin-treated cells. Conformational changes in the proteins secondary structure from the α-helix to the β-sheet were found in both sesamol- and cisplatin-treated cells, as well as significant reductions in relative DNA content of both compared to the control were observed, suggesting DNA damage. A shift in the peak position of DNA region provides insight on the DNA interactions. Conclusions: The non-alkylating effect of sesamol based on the nitrobenzyl pyridine assay delineates the non-covalent binding mode of sesamol on DNA. Hydrogen bonding is the binding mode of sesamol on DNA, while for cisplatin it was covalent and hydrogen bonding.

Objective: To investigate biomolecular alteration of sesamol on human lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-1) cells compared with cisplatin using Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR). Methods: Cytotoxicity of sesamol was investigated against SK-LU-1 cells by using neutral red. DNA fragmentation and the cell cycle analysis were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, respectively. The FTIR microscopy technique was applied to explore the changes in cellular biochemical compositions in cells treated with sesamol that the biochemical and biological assays cannot cover. The alkylating property was determined by 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine assay. Results: Sesamol and cisplatin exerted an antiproliferative effect at 48 h with respective IC

Objectives To evaluate the concentration differences of sulforaphene and sulforaphane at various ages and in different parts of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus with respect to their potential cancer preventive effect on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods FTIR–ATR and GC–MS were used to characterize the isothiocyanates in the plant extracts followed by HPLC for quantification. Antiproliferation and apoptosis induction were determined by using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results The respective rank of anticancer activity of Raphanus sativus were as follows: vegetative (3 week) < older rosette (4 week) < early-bolting (5 week) < senescence (7 week) < late-bolting (6 week). The low to high concentration of sulforaphene and sulforaphane occurred in the same stage order. Conclusions The reproductive parts (flower, pod, and dry seed) of Raphanus sativus have the greatest isothiocyanate concentration, evidenced by a sulforaphene concentration higher than the sulforaphane. This result should inform the selection of the most appropriate harvesting stage and plant part for use as a potential chemopreventive agent.