Spinal cord injury is one of the important field of neuroscience, and neural tract tracing techniques are important research tools. The neural fiber types in the spinal cord are complex, and there are some difference in structures between human beings and animals. This article reviewed different types of neural fibers closely related with spinal cord injury and regeneration, the difference between human beings and animals, and the application of neural tract tracing techniques in the study of spinal cord injury and regeneration.

Objective To establish a rat liver transplantation model under direct vision of single operator and to explore the effect of different perfusion methods on the quality of the donor liver. Methods On the basis of the "two-cuff method" established by Kamada, the operation details were improved to established the rat liver transplantation model. The recipient rats were divided into two groups according to different perfusion methods, group A (perfusion via abdominal aorta) and group B (perfusion via portal vein). The perfusion effect, operation time, operation success rate, postoperative liver function, liver graft pathological manifestations and survival were compared between the two groups. Results There were more residual red blood cells in sinus hepaticus in group B than in group A after perfusion. Both the donor liver perfusion time and donor operation time were longer in group A than those in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). The success rate of operation in group A and group B was 77% and 71%, respectively. At 3 d after liver transplantation in rats, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TB) of the rats in the two groups were significantly higher than normal. At 7, 30 d after operation, compared with group A, the levels of ALT, AST and TB in group B were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01-0.05). The liver pathological examination showed that the degree of inflammatory reaction in the liver and degree of destruction of liver tissue in group B were more severe than those in group A, but there was no significant difference in long-term survival rate between the two groups. Conclusions Although the perfusion time and donor operation time of rat liver transplantation model were slightly prolonged by means of abdominal aorta perfusion, the perfusion effect was better, which can reduce liver tissue damage after operation and restore liver function to normal levels more quickly.

Objective To observe the effect of injecting botulinum toxin type A on muscle tension,disability level and ability in the activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke dystonia.Methods Thirty-two patients with post-stroke dystonia were divided into an observation group (n =16) and a control group (n =15).The patients in the observation group were injected with 200-600 U of botulinum toxin type A in the relevant muscles,while the patients in the control group were given 12 mg diphenhydrazole hydrochloride tablets orally.Before and 2,6 and 12 weeks after the treatment,spasticity,disability and daily living ability were evaluated in both groups using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),a disability assessment scale (DAS) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results After the treatment,the average MAS,DAS and MBI scores of both groups were significantly better than before the treatment.And the average MAS,DAS and MBI scores of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusion Botulinum toxin A injection can significantly improve dystonia and relieve disability among stroke survivors.

Objective:To observe the development of elevated body temperature during surgical correction under different general anesthesias in the pediatric patients with congenital ptosis.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ pediatric patients with blepharoptosis of both sexes, aged 2-10 yr, undergoing elective surgery for blepharoptosis correction, were divided into total intravenous anesthesia group(TIVA group) and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia group(CIIA group) using a random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol 1-2 mg/kg, cisatracurium 0.15-0.25 mg/kg and fentanyl 2-3 μg/kg in both groups, and then the patients were endotracheally intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of propofol 50-200 μg·kg -1·min -1 and remifentanil 0.2-0.05 μg·kg -1·min -1 in TIVA group and with intravenous infusion of propofol 25-75 μg·kg -1·min -1 and remifentanil 0.2-0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 and inhalation of 1%-1.5% sevoflurane in CIIA group. After completion of anesthesia induction, the nasopharyngeal temperature was continuously monitored until the end of surgery, and the occurrence of elevation in intraoperative body temperature (≥37.5 ℃) was recorded. Results:The incidence of elevated body temperature was 20% and 40% in TIVA group and CIIA group, respectively. Body temperature ≥39.0 ℃ did not occur in two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of elevated body temperature and constituent ratio of degree of elevation in body temperature between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:When total intravenous anesthesia and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia are used in the surgery for blepharoptosis correction in the pediatric patients with congenital ptosis, concurrent mild hypothermia is a non-small probability event, but it is safe to evaluate it in terms of the occurrence of malignant hyperthermia.

Postoperative thyroid scar not only causes itching, pain, and pulling, but also seriously affects the patient’s aesthetics, so it is important to study the prevention and treatment of postoperative thyroid scar. In the past 20 years, clinicians have made many innovative researches to alleviate postoperative thyroid scar growth, and the following progresses have been made: firstly, thyroid surgery methods and surgical accesses have been improved to a certain extent, resulting in more concealed and less traumatic accesses; secondly, the use of lasers and silicone and other drugs has significantly improved the scar treatment effect; thirdly, the concept of "cosmetic" is gradually gaining popularity, and related technical means are used throughout the treatment of postoperative scarring of the thyroid gland, and multiple treatment modalities are used "early" and "in combination" to "prevent" scar growth after surgery. The use of multiple treatment modalities to prevent scar growth in the early postoperative period has achieved twice the result with half the effort.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in breast precancerous lesions . Methods Retrospectively analyzed the contrast-enhanced ultrasound model and angiographic predictive model of 465 cases of the A prospective multicenter study of breast nodules contrast-enhanced ultrasound" that led the Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2016 to April 2017 ,which included 69 cases of breast precancerous lesions and 396 other types benign lesions ,and the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of breast precancerous lesions were calculated . Results The sensitivity of ultrasound predictive model for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions was 60 .9％ and AUC was 0 .681 . Precancerous lesions mainly showed non-concentricity , increased homogeneity , and increased lesions;other types of benign lesions mainly showed non-centripetal ,high uniformity enhancement and lesion size unchanged . Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound shows a potential value in the differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions and other types of benign lesions ,that can help clinicians to take early intervention measures for breast precancerous lesions ,but there are still many problems to be solved .

ObjectiveTo explore and analyze the influencing factors of myopia among the primary and middle school students, and to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of myopia in students through the combination of scientific use in electronic products and adherence improvement to outdoor activities. MethodsStratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 schools in Jiading District, in which all the students in grades 3‒5 of primary school and grades 7‒9 of middle school were enrolled into the study for a questionnaire survey and refraction examination. The χ² test was used to compare the data between the myopic and non-myopic group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia. ResultsThe total myopia detection rate among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District was 62.8%, with a detection rate of 46.9% for primary school students and 75.6% for middle school students, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school (OR=3.639, 95%CI=3.045‒4.349, P<0.001), female students (OR=1.278, 95%CI=1.081‒1.510, P=0.004), the frequency of school desks and chairs was adjusted>1 semester (OR=1.227, 95%CI=1.031‒1.461, P=0.021), the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses ≥1 hour in a week (OR=1.205,95%CI=1.009‒1.440, P=0.040), parents reduced the length of time that their children spent on exercise (OR=1.205, 95%CI=1.009‒1.440, P=0.040), and parental myopia (OR=2.611, 95%CI=2.157‒3.160, P<0.001) were associated with myopia among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District. ConclusionThe detection rate of myopia among students in Jiading District was relatively high. More attention should be paid to the effect of school desks and chairs’ adjustment frequency, the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses, electronic screen exposure time on students’ vision, so as to prevent and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia.

OBJECTIVETo understand the willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and its influential factors among people seeking counsel and HIV test, STD clinic patients, university students, migrant people, female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs).

METHODSAn anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 511 subjects in the 7 groups selected by different sampling methods, and 509 valid questionnaires were collected.

RESULTSThe majority of subjects were males (54.8%) and aged 20-29 years (41.5%). Among the subjects, 60.3% had education level of high school or above, 55.4% were unmarried, 37.3% were unemployed, 73.3% had monthly expenditure <2 000 Yuan RMB, 44.2% had received HIV test, 28.3% knew HIV saliva test, 21.0% were willing to receive HIV saliva test, 2.0% had received HIV saliva test, only 1.0% had bought HIV test kit for self-test, and 84.1% were willing to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subject group, age, education level, employment status, monthly expenditure level, HIV test experience and willingness to receive HIV saliva test were correlated statistically with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subject group and monthly expenditure level were statistically correlated with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test.

CONCLUSIONThe willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and acceptable price of HIV antibody saliva rapid test varied in different areas and populations. Different populations may have different willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test;the affordability of the test could influence the willingness to pay for the test.

Adult ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; economics ; Female ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Saliva ; virology ; Sex Workers ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult