Objective:To understand the status quo of pediatric nurses' traits and adversity quotient (AQ) , and explore the effects of pediatric nurses' traits on their AQ.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, totally 480 pediatric nurses from Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March and April 2019 were selected by convenient sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version (CBF-PI-B) and Adversity Response Profile (ARP) to analyze the effects pediatric nurses' traits on their AQ. Totally 480 questionnaires were distributed, and 469 valid questionnaires were collected, accounting for an effective recovery rate of 97.7%.Results:In the CBF-PI-B of the 469 pediatric nurses, the agreeableness score was (39.36±5.84) ; the rigor score was (38.21±4.32) ; the openness score was (32.78±5.64) ; the extraversion score was (27.29±6.72) ; the neuroticism score was (25.53±5.24) . The total ARP score of the pediatric nurses was (134.63±9.27) . The agreeableness, rigor, openness and extraversion dimensions in the pediatric nurses' traits were positively correlated with their AQ ( P<0.05) , and the score of neuroticism was negatively correlated with their AQ ( P<0.05) . The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the rigor and neuroticism in the five traits of pediatric nurses had a predictive effect on their AQ ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The AQ of pediatric nurses is mostly in the upper middle level. The traits of pediatric nurses have a predictive effect on their AQ. Nursing managers should pay attention to the training of pediatric nurses' AQ and take effective measures to improve their AQ.