AIM To study the hemolyzation of a highly active anti complementary protein (cobra venom factor, CVF) isolated from the venom of Naja kaouthia distributed in the south of Yunnan Province, China. METHODS Guinea pig red blood cell and serum were employed to evaluate the hemolyzation of this anticomplement factor, and the effects of temperature, pH, various bivalent mental ions and EDTA on its hemolyzation were investigated. RESULTS This anticomplement factor possessed hemolytic activity of 1 391 kU?g -1 protein. It showed high stability to heat, alkalinity and acidity. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ promoted the hemolyzation of this anticomplement factor at 1, 2 and 5 mmol?L -1 . Zn 2+ , Co 2+ also promoted the hemolyzation of this anticomplement factor at 1 and 2 mmol?L -1 , but inhibited the hemolyzation at 5 mmol?L -1 . Cu 2+ strongly inhibited the hemolyzation at 1, 2 and 5 mmol?L -1 . EDTA also strongly inhibited the hemolyzation of this anticomplement factor. CONCL- USION The anticomplement factor showed hemolytic activity. This ability could be influenced by bivalent metal ions and EDTA, but rather stable when temperature or pH value changed.

The effect of anisodamine(654-2),aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid, ASA),prostacy-clin (PGI2)-like substance on whole blood platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphos-phate ( ADP ) , arachidonic acid ( AA ) and ag-gregoserpentin of Trimersurus mucrosqumatus venom (TMVA) is reported, We found that ADP,AA and TMVA caused a dose-related increase in whole blood platelet aggregation, and the impedance technique was a sensitive method to evaluate the response of platelet in physiological condition. 654-2 could promote whole bloodplatelet aggregation induced by ADP, while ASAor PGI2-like substance could obviously inhibit the whole blood platelet aggregation induced by ADF or AA, but they failed to prevent TMVA-induced aggregation, suggesting that TMVA might mediate third pathway of platelet aggregation similar to platelet activiting faetor(PAF). Furthermore, the platelet stimulated by ADP or AA was still activated by TMVA, the mechanism of which remains to be studied.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of Shh and Gli1 in Hedgehog(Hh) signal pathway and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods Expressions of Shh andGli1 were detected in 64 cases primary tumor tissues and 24 cases normal esophageal mucosa with SP immunohistochemistal method.Results There were significant differences of Shh and Gli1 expressions between esophageal carcinoma and normal mucosa epithelium (67.19％ (43/64) vs.4.17％ (1/24), 60.94％ (39/64) vs.4.17％ (1/24);x2 =27.729,22.689;P＜0.01).There were significant differences of Shh expression between different degrees of differentiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, metastasis of lymph node and different clinical staging group (x2 =3.873, 11.349,6.429;P ＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01).The positive expression rate of Gli1 showed significant differences between different degrees of differentiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, metastasis of lymph node and different clinical staging group (x2=12.598, 9.741,26.341;P ＜0.01).There was a positive relationship between Shh and Gli1 expression(r =0.259, P＜0.05).Conclusion Hh signaling pathway is abnormally activated in ESCC, so that Shh and Gli1 play important roles in carcinogenesis and progression ofesophageal carcinoma.The Hh signaling pathway may be a useful target in ESCC.

Objective To analyze the doctors' working enthusiasm and its influencing factors on county level hospitals.Methods 17 seminars were held in 8 counties of 3 provinces to investigate 1055 doctors with questionnaires, analyzing the three scales of working enthusiasm, working enthusiasm influencing factors, and changes since the 2009 new healthcare reform.Results Working enthusiasm comprises inner drive, working pleasure, work recognition and external recognition, and inner drive of which is found to play the most important part, with 20.55％ variance contribution.Among the six dimensions of the influencing factors, working conditions rank the highest with 19.46％ variance contribution.Conclusion Optimized measures in the healthcare reform, better working conditions and social environment can improve working enthusiasm of these doctors.

Objective To investigate significance of interferon-γ/interleukin-4(IFN-γ/IL-4) and macrophages in uterus in early embryo loss (or resorption), and to elucidate the anti-abortive effect and the immunological modulation at maternal-fetal interface with quercetin and bornvl acetate. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)(0.10μg/mouse)was injected via tail vein in order to induce abortion in 7-day-gestation mice which received quercetin and bornvl acetate at days 4-7 of gestation. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in uterus lysate supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA), and uterine macrophages of each group ( n =10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of macrophages was much higher in the uteri of LPS-induced abortion mice than that in control mice. The abortion rate of mouse declined to certain level. The therapy of quercetin combined with bornyl acetate reversed LPS-induced abortion. Conclusion The increase of IFN-γ/IL-4 and the amount of macrophages in the LPS-treated mouse uterus is associated with the embryo loss, and quercetin and bornyl acetate have the anti-abortive effect through modulation of maternal-fetal interface immunity balance.

Objective To develop the physical model of male pelvic organ group and conduct corresponding prostate puncture experiments.Because sufficient research and plenty of surgical training is very important for improving the surgical treatment effect of prostate puncture surgery,in which the deformation of needle and tissue has significant influences on surgical precision.Methods Based on the magnetic resonance images,the 3D reconstruction of human pelvic organs group was performed,and then the monomer organ moulds were designed.The monomer organ models were made by a new type of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel which is a biomimetic material and can simulate biomechanical properties of different tissues by adjusting the proportion of components.The monomer organ models were assembled to simulate the internal environment of pelvic cavity based on the human anatomical structure,and the experiments of insertion force and deformation were conducted.Results The results of insertion force experiments indicated that the mechanical properties of the proposed model of pelvic organ group were coincident with the force variation in real surgury.During the insertion deformation experiments,the deformation of needle and organs could be clearly observed in the ultrasound images,which indicates that the pelvic organ group has good ultrasonography compatibility.Conclusions The proposed physical model of male pelvic organ group can meet the requirements of experiment research and surgical training of prostate puncture,which provides foundation for improving precision and popularization of puncture surgery.

Environmental physiological method adopted, the ergonomic experiment is to seek the best parameter of the protective hood structural size, on which the structure design of the protective hood will be based, through the analysis of the organic relationship between the microenvironment of power air-purifying medical protective hood and the body's physiological characteristics. The changes of such indexes due to different air currents are analyzed as the oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity in the microenvironment. The changes of testees' physiological parameters and their responses to psychological loads and body strengths are paid attention to. The results show the hood can meet the testees' demands with proper air current.

Objective:To investigate the effects of pregnancy and lactation nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the brain of offspring mice and the related mechanisms.Methods:Thirty pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (drinking distilled water), and NP-treated groups (drinking 0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml NP water solution). ELISA kit was used to analyze the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17, flow cytometry was used to analyze the frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in spleen, quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the RORγt, Foxp3 mRNA, Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of RORγt, Foxp3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of Iba1 in the brain tissue of offspring mice.Results:Compared with the control group, NP exposure increased the serum levels of IL-17 and TNF-α in male offspring mice ( P<0.05), and decreased the levels of IFN-γ( P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of Th17 cells in the spleen of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the percentage of Tregs cells was lower. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Foxp3 proteins in the brain tissue of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) was significantly lower, accompanied by a dramatic increase in RORγt protein levels ( P<0.05). Similar mRNA expression was also observed in qRT-PCR analysis. The protein expression levels of mTOR (p-mTOR) and its upstream related regulators[PI3K, p-Akt (Ser473), p-Akt (Thr308)] in the brain of male offspring mice increased gradually during the period of exposure to NP( P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that compared with the control group, the number of Iba1 positive cells in brain tissue of male offspring mice exposed to NP (0.2 μg/ml or 2.0 μg/ml) increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Maternal exposure to NP during pregnancy and lactation may affect the development/function of neurons in offspring through neuroimmune axis, and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:Glucocorticoids published in the National Library of Medicine PubMed; Netherlands Medical Abstracts Database Embase; Cochrane Library, an evidence-based medical library; China Cnkipedia; China Biomedical Literature Service; Chongqing Vipul Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Science and Technology Journal Full Text Database were searched about computer. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) for the treatments of NAION were subjected to meta-analysis. The search period was from the establishment of each database to March 2020. The literature was screened and data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the RCT and NRCT studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the MINORS evaluation scale, respectively. The data were analyzed using RevMan version 5.3 software which was provided by the Cochrane Collaboration Network.Results:An initial search of 395 papers was conducted, and 10 papers were finally included for this meta-analysis, including 3 RCT studies and 7 NRCT studies. A total of 1057 patients with NAION were included. The 3 RCT studies were analyzed descriptively as the outcome indicators were described in different ways. A meta-analysis of 7 NRCT studies showed that patients in the treatment group showed significantly better visual prognosis (relative risk=1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.51, P=0.003) and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness were obviously improved (mean difference=7.76, 95% confidence interval 1.58 to 13.94, P=0.01) than the control group. Four studies reported the occurrence of adverse reactions in the treatment versus control groups. None of the above studies provided a detailed analysis of the prognosis of patients with adverse reactions. Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of NAION is unclear and needs to be validated in a larger sample of RCTs.

Objective To observe long-term follow-up results of in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) method after angioplasty and stenting with the Gateway-Wingspan stenting system in middle cerebral artery(MCA).Methods Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and Wingspan stent placement were enrolled into our study.The proportion of in-stent restenosis and ischemic stroke associated with restenosis were evaluated by DSA after 6 and 12 months of stent placement.Results 30 patients with stenosis/occlusion of MCA underwent Wingspan Stent successfully.All of the patients finished follow-up except two patients(6.7％ ) who died in the first three months after stenting.At the sixth months follow-up,in-stent restenosis was observed in 7 patients( 23.3％ ) with average (69.0 ± 9.8 )％ in-stent restenosis degree.However,no additional in-stent restenosis was found at the twelfth month,two patients among the 7 with in-tent restenosis were suffered with artery occlusion in stent.Conclusion In-stent restenosis after Wingspan stenting in middle cerebral artery was more common during the first six months,and 85.7％ with ischemic stroke.It was worthy of paying attention to prevent in-stent restenosis at the first six months after stenting.