OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of simvastatin vs. pravastatin in the treatment of hy-perlipidemia,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:PubMed,Medline,EMBase,Cochrane Library and CJFD were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of efficacy and safety of simvastatin(test group) and pravastatin (control group) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. The Rev Man 5.2 software was chosen for data analysis. RESULTS:14 RCT involving 1 019 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that simvastatin had more significant effect in the decreasing of TC [MD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.52,-0.16),P<0.001] and LDL-C[MD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.45,-0.17),P<0.001] than pravastatin;and simvastatin and pravastatin had the similar effect in TG[MD=-0.06,95%CI(-0.18,0.05),P=0.28)] and HDL-C[MD=0.00,95%CI(-0.04,0.04),P=0.85]. Adverse drug reaction rate results showed they were similar[OR=0.70,95%CI(0.36,1.39),P=0.31]. CONCLUSIONS:Simvastatin is more effective in lipid-lowering than pravastatin with similar safety. Due to the limited number and low quality of included studies,it remains to be further verified with more reasonably designed,multi-center and large-sample studies.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation board (CPR Board) is an essential tool in emergency care, which can keep the patient's airway open and support the patient in the administration of CPR. This paper introduces the structure, performances and clinical trials of a CPR board.

AIM:To investigate the role of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replica-tion.METHODS:The effect of HBV replication on the expression of HSP 70 was analyzed by RT-qPCR.The overexpres-sion efficiency of HSP70 was confirmed by Western blot .The effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV DNA replicative in-termediates was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Southern blot .The effects of HSP70 overexpression on the expression level of HBV 3.5 kb mRNA and HBV core protein were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.The Effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV promoter activity was detected by dual luciferase reporter system .RESULTS: The mRNA levels of HSP70 were inhibited by HBV replication .Overexpression of HSP70 repressed the expression of HBV DNA repli-cative intermediates, 3.5 kb mRNA and core protein, as well as HBV core promoter activity .CONCLUSION:HBV rep-lication inhibits the expression of HSP70.Overexpression of HSP70 represses HBV replication.These data suggest that HSP70 repressed HBV replication by inhibiting HBV core promoter activity .

Objective To observe the effect of Triclosan( TCS) exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans( c. ele-gans) F1 generation of locomotory behavior, brood size, and generation time. Methods The trial included a control group and 4 TCS treatment groups with different doses (100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10μmol/L,20μmol/L),the exposure time being 24 hours,the effect of c. elegans′head thrashes,body bending frequency,the brood size and generation time was observed. Results (1) The control group exposed to 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS,their head thrash frequency of c. elegans F1 was(109. 40±8. 61) times/min,(84. 70±7. 82) times/min,(76. 35±7. 44) times/min,(74. 74±5. 93)times/min,(71. 95±4. 19)times/min,respectively,the head thrash ability of c. elegans was significantly inhibited(F=62. 245,P<0. 01). (2) When the control group was exposed to 100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10μmol/L,20 μmol/LTCS,the frequency of c.elegans F1 body bent was (19.94±2.46)times/20 s,(15.13±1.99) times/20 s,(14.63±2.31)times/20 s,(14.69±1.96)times/20 s,(12.00±1.86)times/20 s,respectively,and the comparative differences between groups were statistically significant(F=25. 636,P<0. 01). (3) When the control group was exposed to 0,100 nmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS,the body sizes of the c. elegans F1 generation was (286.83±6.01)articles,(273.33±6.41)articles,(214.17±7.25)articles,(173.67±9.20)articles, (118. 50 ± 6. 98 ) articles, respectively, the brood size of the C. elegans F1 generation exposed to 100 nmol/L, 1μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L TCS levels,were reduced by 4. 71%,25. 60%,39. 45%,58. 67%,the ge-neration time of the c. elegans′F1 generation was shortened by 2. 14%-5. 38% in the TCS treatment groups compared with the control group(F=27. 520,P<0. 01). Conclusions After c. elegans exposure to TCS,locomotory behavior can be severe-ly affected,reproductive damage causes a decline in the number of brood size,and the speeding-up of the breeding rate is related to the concentration of TCS concentration-response.

ObjectiveTo discuss the more aesthetic and minimally invasive surgical approach of endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods50 cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola-axillary approach were retrospectively analyzed.Among these cases,12 received unilateral partial lobectomy,30 received unilateral total lobectomy and 8 received bilateral partial lobectomy.Results Endoscopic thyroidectomy was completed in all the patients.The intraoperative blood loss was ( 12.77 ± 20.12 ) ml.The operation time was (67.00 ± 21.28 )min.The postoperative hospital stay was (3.77 ± 0.50)days.Hoarseness occurred in 2 cases.All the 50 cases were followed up from 1 to 6 months and no other complication occurred.ConclusionEndoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola-axillary approach is more aesthetic and minimally invasive; however,the operator needs an adaptive process for a better surgical view angle.

Objective:To investigate the pahtogengesis and pathology of delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) after pig to rhesus monkey heart xenotransplantation.Methods:Heterotopic xenogeneic heart transplantation in the abdominal cavity was performed using piglet as donors.4 monkeys were used as recipients.Complete complement depletion was achieve in the recipients treated with repetitive doses of a high activity cobra venom factor (Y CVF).The recipients were immunosuppressed with a combination of cyclosporine A,cyclophosphamide and steroids.Sera were analyzed for C3,C4 levels and complement activity and anti pig endotheliocyte xenoantibody.The graft were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for C3,C4,C5b 9,IgM,IgG,necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha),intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1),CD57 (NK cells),CD68 (macrophages),CD4 and CD8.Results:The xenografts survived 8,10,13,13 days respectively and all grafts occoured DXR.Venular thrombosis was outstanding feature within DXR xenografts,complicated with interstitial edma,local hemorrhage and myocardial necrosis,with mild to moderate cellular infiltration.The serum C3 levels and complement activity almost decreased to 0 from the day of transplantation due to Y CVF,the C4 level began to decrease 2 4 days before the cardic xenografts losing their function.The anti pig endotheliocyte xenoantibody also decreased after transplantation,and slightly increased during DXR,all rejected xenografts showed C3,C4,C5b 9,IgG and IgM deposits in different degree.Large numbers of macrophages (50% of total leukocytes) were found infiltrating the entire xenograft,a few natural killer cells (8%～10%),some of CD4+T cells (15%) and CD8+T cells (25%) were detcted also,up regulation of ICAM 1 on the graft endothelial cells and TNF alpha in the interstitial were demonstrated in the rejected heart.Conclusion:Both Humor and cell mediated immunologic reaction may play an important role in pahtogengesis of DXR. [

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal conbercept (IVC) as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods:A systematic search in EMbase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese periodical full text database (CNKI), Wanfang database and VIP database were conducted, studies about the effectiveness and safety of IVC combined with PPV in the management of PDR were collected.Two researchers independently screened the studies according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, and extracted the data.The quality of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated by the modified Jadad scale, and the quality of the cohort study or case-control study was evaluated by the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS). Rev Man 5.3 was applied for data analysis.Results:A total of 11 RCTs, 2 cohort studies and 10 case-control studies involving 1 625 patients and 1 844 eyes were included.The final Jadad score for each RCT was more than 3, and the final NOS score for each cohort study and case-control study was more than 5.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the total effectiveness of treatment was significantly higher in the preoperative IVC group than that in the simple PPV group ( RR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.21-1.42, P<0.001). The average operation duration was significantly shorter in the preoperative IVC group compared with that in the simple PPV group (MD=-21.11, 95% CI: -26.39--15.83, P<0.001). The level of VEGF was significantly lower in the preoperative IVC group than that in the simple PPV group (MD=-15.33, 95% CI: -19.40--11.26, P<0.001). Preoperative IVC could reduce the incidences of intraoperative bleeding, iatrogenic retinal breaks, postoperative recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and temporary increase of intraocular pressure, with statistically significant differences between them (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept shows better effect and safer than vitrectomy alone, and it has no serious side effect.

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC method for determination of catalpol in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) of rats.

METHODRats were intravenously injected 1.0 g x L(-1) catalpol physiological saline, and the sample of CSF from subarachnoid space of the cerebrum 40 minutes of injection. The sample of CSF from normal rats was used for blank control, the all samples were preserved in a refrigerator of - 20 degrees C, and use HPLC was employed to determine the catalpol content. The separation of catalpol was performed on Hypersil C18 reversion phase chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile (99.5: 0.5) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detection wavelength of 210 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of catalpol in CSF was 0.5-40 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7). The absolute recoveries were (90.2 +/- 1.71)%, (89.1 +/- 1.17)% and (86.9 +/- 0.98)%; and the methodological recoveries were (99.8 +/- 1.98)%, (101.1 +/- 3.04)%, (100.1 +/- 2.30)% respectively. The within-day and between-day derivation RSD were less than 4%. Catalpol was stable in a refrigerator of -20 degrees C for 15 days.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate for the determination of the content of catalpol in CSF.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the potential tigecycline resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae during treatment.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of tigecycline were determined for K.pneumoniae isolates with four different resistant profiles.Corr.elations between MICs and MPCs were analyzed.We combined with the pharmacokinetic parameters of tigecycline to estimate the potential of emerging resistance to tigecycline monotherapy in K.pneumoniae.Results The MPCs of tigecycline for the carbapenem-and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were found to be 8-fold higher than those for carbapenem-and quinolones-susceptible isolates.Our data showed that the MPCs range and MPC90 values of tigecycline were 4-512 mg/L and 64 mg/L,respectively,which were much higher than the therapeutic concentrations of tigecycline in serum and tissues.Conclusions Long-term tigecycline monotherapy may predispose the emergence of resistance in K.pneumoniae,which is not recommended.It is desirable to carry out ongoing monitoring of K.pneumoniae susceptibility and tigecycline treatment effect.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with unknown etiology, and patients with poor response to ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid may eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and even liver failure. Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment method for PBC at present. This article elaborates on liver transplantation, survival time after liver transplantation, complications, recurrence of PBC after liver transplantation, and prospects and challenges of liver transplantation in patients with PBC, so as to provide a reference for clinical outcome and treatment after liver transplantation for PBC.