Objective To explore the effects of delayed mild hypothermia (MHT) in different time windows on the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in brain tissue of model rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Thirty-six clean adult male SD rats were randomly divided into NT group (normal temperature), MHT 15 min group, MHT 2 h group and MHT 4 h group. TBI rat model was established by electronical controlled cortical injury device. The rats in the NT group were treated with normothermia (37℃) and the rats in the three hypothermia groups were implemented with low temperature (33.0±1.0)℃at 15 min, 2 h and 4 h for 6 h respectively after establishment of TBI model. The modified neurological senerity scores (mNSS), morphological changes in hippocampal CA1 areas, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay for Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were compared 3 days after TBI between the four groups. Results The neurological behavioral deficits were found in each group. Compared with the NT group, the mNSS were decreased in the three hypothermia groups (P<0.01). The results of HE staining showed that the structure of neurons was regular and arranged neatly, and the number of neurons decreased with alleviated nuclear fragmentation and dissolution in hypothermia groups. Compared with the NT group, the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated, and the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were downregulated in three hypothermia groups (P<0.05). The above experimental results were superior in MHT15 min group to MHT 2 h group, and the therapeutic effect in MHT 2 h group was similar to MHT 4 h group. Conclusion The proper delayed mild hypothermia treatment could inhibit neuronal apoptosis and alleviate brain damage.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of transcription factor Sp1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and association between Sp1 expression and survival in HCC patients. Methods:With the use of immunoreactivity, Sp1 expres-sion and its correlation with other clinicopathological characteristics were examined in a tissue microarray that contains samples from 98 HCC patients. Results:HCC tissues expressed markedly higher levels of Sp1 than did adjacent normal liver tissues. Sp1 expression was closely associated with microvascular invasion, which suggests that HCC with more microvascular invasion is prone to have in-creased Sp1 expression. Overexpression of Sp1 correlates with significantly shorter overall survival and higher recurrence rates in HCC patients after curative resection. Conclusion:Transcription factor Sp1 may be an independent prognostic factor for both overall surviv-al and cumulative recurrence rate.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic in-hos-pital stroke (IHS). Methods The clinical data were collected from patients with ischemic IHS in the last five years. The patients were divided into thrombolysis group and non-thrombolysis group, according to the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) treatment. The clinical outcomes were measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge. Results There were a total of 121 patients in this study. There were 6 patients in thrombolysis group and 115 patients in the non-thrombolysis group, respectively. Six patients (100%) in the thrombolysis group achieved favor-able outcomes (mRS 0~2) at discharge whereas only 42 patients (36.5%) in the non-thrombolysis group achieved fa-vourable outcomes. The rate of favorable outcomes was significantly higher in the thrombolysis group than in the non-thrombolysis group (P<0.05). Conclusions R-tPA thrombolytic therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic IHS.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of interferon-αon the expression and activity of transcription factor specificity pro-tein 1(Sp1) in hepatocarcinoma cells .Methods :The effect of interferon-αon the expression and phosphorylation level of Sp1 in hepatocarcinoma cell line M HCC97H were detected by Western blotting .The effect of interferon-α on the activity of Sp1 was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) .Results :Interferon-α significantly reduced the expression and phos-phorylation level of Sp1 ,and the reducement on phosphorylation was more distinct .Interferon-α also inhibited the activity of Sp1 significantly .Conclusions :Interferon-αinhibits the activity of Sp1 by down regulating the expression and phosphorylation level of Sp1 .Sp1 may be an optional predictor of clinical efficacy of interferon-αon hepatocarcinoma .

Objective:To analyze independent influencing factors of surgical textbook outcome (TO) in patients with gallbladder carcinoma, and to establish a nomogram for predicting TO and evaluated the predictive ability.Methods:Patients with gallbladder carcinoma who underwent surgery in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery at Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Tongji University and Department of Biliary Tract Surgery Ⅰ, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital) from January 2013 to December 2018 were included and the clinical features were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 232 patients were included, including 114 males and 118 females, aged (61.0±9.8) years. According to whether TO reached or not, they were divided into TO group ( n=86) and non-TO group ( n=146). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the independent influencing factors of TO. The predictive nomogram model of TO was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive ability of the model, and the consistency of the predictive model was evaluated by the consistency curve graph and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results:The 1-year and 3-years cumulative survival rates of patients with gallbladder carcinoma in the TO group (86.0% and 62.8%) were better than those in the non-TO group (46.6% and 27.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=60.74, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, higher T stage ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.79, P<0.001) and cervical gallbladder cancer ( OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.02-0.94, P=0.004) had the greatest negative association with a TO, and the higher the degree of tumor differentiation ( OR=7.08, 95% CI: 1.34-37.56, P=0.001), the easier it is to achieve TO. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the predictive model was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79-0.90), suggesting that the model had good predictive performance. A nomogram to assess the probability of TO was developed and had good accuracy in both the consistency curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ 2=5.77, P=0.673). Conclusion:Tumor T stage, tumor differentiation degree and tumor location are independent influencing factors for achieving TO in patients with gallbladder carcinoma after surgery. The nomogram model constructed according to the above conclusions could accurately predict the probability of reaching TO.

Animal experiments play an important role in the process of biomedical research, and is a necessary way to transform basic medicine into clinical medicine. The standardization of animal experimental studies and reports determines the reliability and reproducibility of research results, and is also the key to transforming the results of animal experiments into clinical trials. In view of how to design and implement animal experiments, write animal experiment reports, and publish relevant academic papers in a more standardized way, LACM (Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine) has launched a new column of comparative medical research and reporting standards from 2023, focusing on the introduction and interpretation of international general norms related to laboratory animal and comparative medicine, such as ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments). This article focuses on the development and application, basic content and priority of ARRIVE 2.0, as well as the scheme of implementing ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international biomedical journals, and explains the current situation and future plans of LACM following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The research and report of animal experimental medicine following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and other international norms is one of the important driving forces to promote the high-quality development of experimental animal science and biomedicine in China, and also a powerful means to implement the 3R principle and improve the welfare of laboratory animals. Through this article, we hope the majority of scientific researchers and editors will attach great importance and actively implement these international standards.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge.Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The fourth part of the article includes the items 1-5 of ARRIVE 2.0 Recommended 11 section, which covers "Abstract" "Background" "Objectives" "Ethical statement" and "Housing and husbandry". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results remains a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of progress can help readers evaluate the reliability of research results and further explore an experiment by repeating or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is the second part of the Chinese translation of the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org) and based on the best practices for following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals. This part includes Items 4-7 of "ARRIVE Essential 10" in the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: "Randomization", "Blinding", "Outcome Measurement", and "Statistical Methods". Our Chinese translated version aims to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhancing the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promoting the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.