With well understanding of the ethical problems in ophthalmic clinical treatment, strategies were developed to help establish a credible relationship with children and then to avoid causing psychological harm to them. The informed consent given prior to treatment can effectively minimize potential medical risks.

Objective:To summarize the main issues, analyze the causes and offer a strategy for AIDS preven-tion and control for all types of healthcare facilities in the health care system. Methods:184 leaders and experts of tertiary-level healthcare facilities ( provinces, cities and counties) from 30 provinces who had been engaged in AIDS prevention and control for more than five years were studied through a questionnaire including the issues and causes in AIDS prevention and control. Results: According to the results of the respondents and experts’ demonstration, the main issues were identified, including a lack of human resources in the system of disease control facilities, a lack of relevant agencies involved in AIDS response, the difficulty for AIDS patients to receive surgery and follow-up, poor detection of HIV, shortcomings in medical insurance, and so on. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of issues and causes, the paper offers strategic solutions: Clearly define the responsibilities of various health institutions in AIDS prevention and control;promote the participation of primary health institutions in AIDS prevention and control; im-prove the medical service system for AIDS patients;improve AIDS medical security policies;reform the management system of antiretroviral therapy drugs;and strengthen technical support from disease control facilities.

Objective To explore the effect of several cytokines, including interferon-γ, interleukin-10 and interlekin-4, on promoter activity of human BAFF (B-cell activating factor belonging to tumor necrosis factor family) gene. Methods A construct of phBAFF 1.02 containing sequence form -1349 bp to -329 bp of human BAFF gene, linking with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as reporter gene, was transiently transfected into human HL-60 cells, a kind of myeloid tumor cell lines. The cells were subsequently treated with IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4, and the CAT activity was assessed 24 hours after stimulation with each cytokines. Results IFN-γ of 5 ng/ml, IL-10 of 100 ng/ml could increase the CAT activity of phBAFF 1.02 to 4.18 and 2.13 folds respectively compared to the control. IL-4 at 100 ng/ml had no effect on promoter activity of human BAFF gene. Combination of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 could increase the CAT activity of phBAFF 1.02 to 3.41 and 1.58 folds respectively compared with controls. Conclusion IFN-γ and IL-10 can increase the promoter activity of human BAFF gene. IL-4 treatment can not affect the CAT activity driven by BAFF promoter. However, IL-4 can decrease the upregulating effect of IFN-γ and IL-10 on phBAFF1.02. These provide essential evidence for future study on the interaction mechanism of cytokines and BAFF in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 on B cell activating factor (BAFF) expression in human HL-60 cells, a kind of myeloid tumor cell lines, and its possible regulation mechanism. Methods Cultured human HL-60 cells were treated with IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 for 1-3 days. The expression of membrane-bound BAFF on HL-60 cells was examined by flow cytometry, the amount of soluble BAFF was detected by ELISA assay, and the level of BAFF mRNA was tested by real-time PCR method. A functional 1021 bp fragment of the 5'-tlanking region of the human BAFF gene (-1349 to -329 bp) was cloned and investigated with serial 5'-deletion. The 5'-deleted promoters were recombinated with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as reporter gene. These five recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected to HL-60 cells with liposomal transfectian method. Promoters activities were determined by CAT reporter gene assay(CAT-ELISA) in those transfected cells treated with different cytokines. Results The results showed that the expression of membrane-bound BAFF, soluble BAFF and BAFF mRNA in human HL-60 cells were significantly elevated (P ＜ 0. 05) after incubated with IFN-γ and IL-10. In addition, IFN-γ and IL-10 showed significantly (P ＜ 0. 05) increased effects on promoter activity in human BAFF gane. And the cytokines-responsive sequences were located between -929 and -719 bp of the BAFF promoter region. Conclusion The enhancement of IFN-γ and IL-10 on BAFF expression and synthesis were regnla-ted by promoter activation. Our in vitro studies also raise the possibility to investigate the mechanisms regula-ting BAFF expression in other tumor cells of myeloid origin under pathological circumstances.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of entecavir on liver injury in chronic HBV infected patients complicated with tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment.Methods A total of 102 chronic HBV infected patients complicated with tuberculosis were collected from Guangzhou Eighth People' s Hospital and Guangzhou Chest Hospital during January 2011 and May 2012.Patients were divided into three groups:group A (n =33) received entecavir plus anti-tuberculosis treatment,group B (n =29) received lamivudine plus anti-tuberculosis treatment,and group C (n =40) received anti-tuberculosis treatment only.Liver injury,termination of treatment,liver function and HBV DNA load before and after treatment were observed.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistial analysis.Results Two cases (6.1％) in group A,6 cases (20.6％) in group B and 22 cases (55.0％) in group C had liver injury,and the difference among three groups was of statistical difference (x2 =22.126,P ＜ 0.01),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x2 =3.024,P＞0.05).One case (3.0％) in group A,3 cases (10.3％) in group B and 15 cases (37.5％) in group C terminated the treatment,and the difference among three groups was of statistical significance (x2 =16.008,P ＜ 0.01),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x2 =1.410,P ＞0.05).ALT and AST in group A and group B were not of significant differences before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment,but those in group C were significantly higher (Z =18.306,16.821,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in HBV DNA load among three groups before the treatment (Z =0.460,P ＞ 0.05),while HBV DNA loads in group A and group B significantly decreased during the treatment,and the difference among three groups after the treatment was significant (Z =23.213,P ＜0.01).In addition,lower HBV DNA load was observed in group A compared with group B after one month anti-tuberculosis treatment (Z =8.109,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Early use of entecavir can effectively prevent liver injury during anti-tuberculosis treatment,ensuring anti-tuberculosis treatment and anti-HBV treatment carried out as planned.

Objective To evaluate the long term effectiveness of splenectomy in the treatment of ideopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and probe into the specific management pre and post operatively. Method We analyzed 202 splenectomized ITP patients from January 1974 to June 2001 retrospectively and divided them into the effective and non effective groups according the postoperative improvement of their clinical symptoms. Results Post operative complications developed in 18 cases (8 9%), 189 cases achieved long term follow up. Good result was achieved in 159 cases including excellent in 96 and fair in 63, surgery was ineffective in 30 cases. Six cases(3 2%) died of surgery related complications during the long term follow up. In the first week after operation platelet counts reached 100?10 9/L in 118 cases, among them 110 cases(69 2%) fell into effective group and 8 cases(26 7%) fell into ineffective group( ? 2= 19 45, P

Through comparative analysis on the quality standards in Japanese Pharmacopoeia Seventeenth Edition,Korean Pharmacopoeia,Taiwan herbal Pharmacopoeia and pharmacopoeias of neighboring countries and regions,thoughts and suggestions are proposed on how to use the advantages of them,and research thoughts for available reference are provided for the construction of more scientific and feasible quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-581 on the autophagy of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Methods miR-581 mimics and miR-581 NC were transfected into SKOV3 cells, and the transfection efficiency was detected by qRT-PCR. After successful transfection, Western blot was used to detect autophagy-related proteins expression in SKOV3 cells. TargetScanHuman database predicted miR-581 target genes, and Western blot verified the role of miR-581 and target genes. Results Overexpression of miR-581 significantly inhibited the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 (P < 0.01); miR-581 negatively regulated FOXO1 expression (P < 0.01) and FOXO1 promoted autophagy of SKOV3 cells (P < 0.01). Conclusion miR-581 affects the autophagy of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by regulating the expression of FOXO1.

Digital therapeutics(DTs)refers to a non-drug intervention method that uses electronic devices such as computers,smartphones,and wearable devices to evaluate and intervene through software programs and Internet technologies.It has been confirmed that there is a good therapeutic effect on a variety of mental disorders.Digital therapeutics can improve the insomnia problems of insomniacs,enhance the attention and work memory ability of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and can also alleviate symptoms such as depression and anxiety disorder.Digital therapy will develop towards personalized treatment,popular treatment,fragmented treatment,and entertainment treatment in the future and have broad development prospects.

Objective:To compare the effects between improved catheter extubation method and the traditional one on urination pain, urinary retention, first urination time and first urination volume, and to evaluate the advantage of the improved method.Methods:144 patients with indwelling catheters after operation in our department were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 72 cases in each group. The control group returned to the ward after surgery and began to clamp the urinary tube to train the bladder function, the catheter was removed by traditional method. Observation group: urination reflex was evaluated before extubation, according to more than 250 ml urine in the urine bag. Pumping the saline of the gas bag and injecting back 0.5ml to keep the wall of the bag smooth, eventually the catheter was excreted when urinating. Urethral pain, urinary retention, first micturition time and first micturition volume of two groups were analyzed.Results:Urethral pain, urinary retention, first micturition time in observation group and control group were 1.47±1.48, (20.44±12.98) min, 95.8% (69/72) and 3.11±1.98, (28.03±27.00) min, 83.3% (60/72), respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t value was -5.644, -2.148, χ2 value was 6.628, all P<0.05). The first micturition volume in observation group and control group were (258.6±41.57) ml and (248.14±48.82) ml, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( t value was 1.377, P>0.05). Conclusion:The improved catheter extubation method could significantly reduce the urethral pain, shorten the time of the first urination, and improve the success rate of self-urination, which of clinical promotion.