Madelung′s disease is a rare lipid metabolic disorder with unclear mechanism, characterized by the formation of diffuse uncapsulated lipomas in face, neck, shoulder and other body areas. This disease mainly affect middle-aged male, and is related to alcohol abuse. The treatment nowadays is only palliative surgery with a high recurrence rate, including lipectomy and liposuction. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages.

Scar, especially pathological scar, not only cause cosmetic concerns, but also affect the physiological function of related tissues or organs, leading to malformation and dysfunction, that will seriously affect the quality of patients’ life. Nowadays, there are many ways to prevent and improve scar. Local topical medicine such as silicone-based products and plant extracts, become more and more popular with patients because of convenience and reasonable price. In this review, the topical agents for the prevention and improvement of scar, and their therapeutic mechanisms were summarized, providing ideas for the treatment of scar with topical agents.

Scar, especially pathological scar, not only cause cosmetic concerns, but also affect the physiological function of related tissues or organs, leading to malformation and dysfunction, that will seriously affect the quality of patients’ life. Nowadays, there are many ways to prevent and improve scar. Local topical medicine such as silicone-based products and plant extracts, become more and more popular with patients because of convenience and reasonable price. In this review, the topical agents for the prevention and improvement of scar, and their therapeutic mechanisms were summarized, providing ideas for the treatment of scar with topical agents.

OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM compound preparation for tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation， and to provide evidence-based reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS： By retrieving Cochrane library， PubMed， Embase， CBM， CNKI， VIP and Wanfang database， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about TCM compound preparation for tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation （trial group） versus calcium or non-calcium agents （control group） in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis were included. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation with bias risk evaluation tool and Jadad scale of Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0， Meta-analysis was conducted by using Stata 12.0 software， and trial sequential analysis （TSA） was conducted by using TSA 0.9 software. RESULTS： Totally 18 RCTs were included， involving 1 408 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that total response rate [RR＝1.35，95％CI（1.17，1.54），P＜0.000 1] and bone density[SMD＝0.24，95％CI（0.16，0.32），P＜0.000 1] of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group； blood calcium [SMD＝－0.05，95％CI（－0.09，0.00）， P＝0.033] of trial group was significantly lower than that of control group. There was no statistical significance in the levels of urine creatinine [SMD＝－1.60，95％CI（－5.94，2.74），P＝0.470]， urinary calcium/urine creatinine ratio [SMD＝－0.05，95％CI（－0.14，0.04），P＝0.295]， urinary hydroxyproline/urine creatinine ratio [SMD＝－0.16，95％CI（－1.04，0.72），P＝0.726]， ALT [SMD＝0.51，95％CI（－3.26，4.28），P＝0.790]， AST [SMD＝0.23，95％CI（－5.22，4.77），P＝0.929]， serum alkaline phosphatase [SMD＝－0.22，95％CI（－0.68，0.25），P＝0.361]， serum phosphate [SMD＝－0.02，95％CI（－0.11，0.07），P＝0.639]， urea nitrogen [SMD＝－0.19，95％CI（－0.70，0.31），P＝0.453]， estradiol [SMD＝0.62，95％CI（－0.28，1.52），P＝0.177]， IL-6 [SMD＝－1.78，95％CI（－4.86，1.30），P＝0.258] or VAS [SMD＝0.55，95％CI（－1.03，2.13），P＝0.496] between 2 groups. No server ADR was found in 2 groups. TSA showed that there were extract evidences for total response rate of TCM compound preparation in the treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS： TCM compound preparation for tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation shows significant therapeutic efficacy for postmenopausal osteoporosis， and can improve serum calcium and bone density with good safety.