Objective To describe the results of the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) in Beijing in 2010; and investigatethe factors related with the results. Methods The result of the UNHS investigated by 106 maternity hospitals were reported. These hospitalswere investigated with the self-made questionnaire. Results In 2010, 159888 infants (91.99%) were screened in 106 maternity hospitals inBeijing as the 1st stage UNHS. 10.32% of them failed OAE tests. 72.30% received the 2nd stage UNHS and 13.27% of them failed testsagain. The referral rate was 0.99% in the end. The screening rate of both the 1st and 2nd stage was more in the newborn with Beijing householdregistration than in those with other household registration, as well as the hospitals in urban than in rural areas. For the rate fail in the1st stage UNHS, it was more in hospitals in urban than in rural areas, with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) than with transientevoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), by the bed than in the special room, and screening only once than screening again. ConclusionThe quality of UNHS is as high as in the developed countries in the newborn with Beijing household registration. To further improvethe screening rate, it is important to focus on the newborn with other household registers and the hospitals in rural areas. The instrument, personnelqualifications, environment and operation need to be further standardized.

Objective To understand the short-term effect of practice skill training for general practitioners in Guangdong province and to provide scientific basis for improving the training strategy. Methods According to the training outline (Outline of job-transfer training for general practitioner in primary health institutions (trial))of the Ministry of Health,job-transfer training was provided for a total of 451 primary care doctors in economically undeveloped cities for one year. All trainees were investigated before and after training by questionnaire,which were designed by ourselves and included practical skill level and satisfaction degree.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis,t test,ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results Average self-evaluation scores of practical skills were 136.37 ±21.74 and 169.39 ±17.12 before and after training with significant differences (t=29.028,P=0.000). Scores of all types of practical skills after training were significantly higher than those before training (P<0.000 1). Total satisfaction rate was 91.6%and students were not well satis-fied with training environment and training guarantee. Fac-tors influencing the effect of training included educational background,professional title,doctors' de-sire of training,whether taking part in the general practitioner training or not. The effect of practical training was positively correlated with total satisfaction (r=0.162,P=0.037). Conclusions Remark-able results of practice skill training have been achieved. In the future,more chances for practice should be provided for trainees and contents of skill training should be designed according to the need of community health service,and more attention should be paid to the training project management.

Objective To study the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) results obtained in Beijing from 2007 to 2010 and to evaluate the index of hearing screening in Beijing. Methods The newborn born in Beijing just from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2010 were selected and their hearing screening and diagnosis data were retrospectively collected. Results From 2007 to 2010, 470537 infants (90.2%) were screened in Beijing as 1st stage UNHS. 43019(9.1%) failed otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests. 31009 infants (72.8%) were screened in 2nd stage UNHS and 4568 failed tests. 1262 infants were referred for more testing and 1087 of them were diagnosed regularly.501infants were normal. 266 infants were finally diagnosed with single hearing loss and 303 infants were diagnosed with binaural hearing loss. 61infants were diagnosed with severe binaural hearing loss. Conclusion Establishment of the perfect newborn hearing screening system and advanced information system, and follow-up for the suspected children actively by doctors of community health care unit facilitate to improve UNHS.

Objective To investigate the changes in serum level of myocardial enzymes in patients with primary hypothyroidism and to evaluate the relationship between the level of those enzymes and clinical or experimental parameters.Methods We measured several myocardial enzymes in serum of 108 patients with primary hypothyroidism including 31 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis,28 cases of atrophic thyroiditis,24 cases of Graves' hyperthyroidism treated by 131I,and 25 cases of Graves' hyperthyroidism treated by antithyroid drugs,as well as 50 normal controls.Results All the myocardial enzymes,including creatine kinase(CK) and its isoenzyme CK-MB,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and its isoenzyme HBDH,especially CK,were elevated in serum of patients with hypothyroidism.In addition,significant negative correlations were found between CK and FT3,CK and FT4,CK-MB and FT3,CK-MB and FT4.No difference in enzyme level was found among different hypothyroidism groups.Conclusion Hypothyroidism may cause elevation of myocardial enzymes in serum of the patients.The degree of CK and CK-MB increase was associated with the severity of hypothyroidism,and thus can be regarded as indexes to determine the severity of hypothyroidism.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Humans ; Synchrotrons

Objective To investigate the mouse liver blood vessel images using phase contrast X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation. Methods 6 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, 3 mice in each group. In one group, livers excised after hgated arteries, veins and common bile duct. In another group, iodine infused via the portal vein and drained from inferior vena cave until all the blood in the portal veins and hepatic veins was displaced. After infusion, arteries, veins and common bile duct were ligated and livers were excised. Results Blood vessel images were clearly produced by diffraction enhanced imaging. This method can discriminate vessels down to about 40 μm in diameter without contrast agent. Using a contrasting agent more details could be produced. In one liver lobe, the entire branch of the portal vein could be clearly produced by one by one phase contrast image from the main axial blood vessels of liver lobe to the nine generation of branching. Conclusions Phase contrast imaging has the advantage of good contrast and high spatial resolution. [Key wnrds] Synchrotron radiation; Phase contrast imaging; Diffraction enhanced imaging; Blood vessel; X-rays

Objective To detect the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R),and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) expression in renal tissue and the levels of their antibodies in adult idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).Also to determine the value of the two markers in the diagnosis of IMN.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with biopsyproven MN at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2014 to August 2015 were enrolled,including 86 patients with IMN,10 patients with HBV-MN and 10 patients with stage Ⅴ lupus nephritis (LN-Ⅴ).Twenty patients with minimal change disease (MCD) were regarded as control group.We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of the presence of THSD7A and PLA2R the Paraffin section and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting serum PLA2R-AB and THSD7A-AB concentration to investigate whether there was a correlation between them and clinical indicators.Results Compared with the SMN and MCD groups,the positive rates of PLA2R and PLA2R-AB were significantly higher in IMN groups.Expression PLA2R was detected in 88.4％,47.4％,10％ and 0％ and PLA2R-AB in 82.6％,15％,10％,0％,respectively,of the patients with IMN,HBV-MN,LN-Ⅴ and MCD.Expression THSD7A was detected in 2.3％ of the patients with IMN while not detected in SMN and MCD.THSD7A-AB antibody was negative in all patients.Compared with serum PLA2R-Ab negative individuals,patients with serum PLA2R-Ab positive had lower serum albumin (P ＜ 0.001),higher urine protein excretion (P=0.01).The sensitivity of PLA2R-AB,PLA2R,THSD7A and PLA2R+THSD7A in the diagnosis of IMN were 82.6％,88.4％,2.3％,88.6％,and the specificity was 92％,66.7％,100％,66.7％,respectively.Conclusions PLA2R in renal tissue and serum PLA2R-AB are specific markers for the diagnosis of IMN,which are closely related with the severity of IMN.Expression of THSD7A is only positive in some of IMN patients with negative PLA2R,which can be used as a supplementary examination of IMN patients with negative PLA2R.

Objective To test the inhibitory effect of Corynebacterium cell wall extract on bladder cancer cells. Methods The bladder RNA was extracted from bladder cancer rats, and concentration and purity of RNA was detected. The extracted RNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA, then the primers were designed and the Grim19 gene, β-actin gene, Stat3 gene was amplified. Finaly the PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Results OD260 was 0.07, and OD260/OD280 was 2.03 in the group of Corynebacterium parvm extract(3-5# ); OD260 was 0.12, and OD260/OD280 was 2.07 in the group of MNU( 6-5#);OD260 was 0.08, and OD260/OD280 was 2.07 in the group of physiological saline(7-5#) . The results of agarose gelelectrophoresis showed that Grim19 gene and Stat3 gene was expressed highly in the bladder of rats from the group of CP cell wall extract (3-5# ). Grim19 gene was expressed lowly, while Stat3 gene was expressed highly in the bladder of rats from the group of MNU (6-5#). Grim19 gene and Stat3 gene was expressed normally in the bladder of rats from physiological saline(7-5). Conclusions The expression situation of antitumor gene Grim19 and tumor gene Stat3 in the bladder of rats was inhibited by the cell wall extract of Corynebacterium parvm, which indicates that the cell wall extract of Corynebacterium parvm has inhibitory effect on bladder cancer cells.

Objective:To explore the operability of the Chinese version of the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (C-AAHLS) and the Brief Health Literacy Screening (BHLS) for assessing the health literacy level of surgical patients.Methods:A total of 202 surgical patients were recruited in an acute care hospital. C-AAHLS and BHLS were used simultaneously to measure the health literacy of patients, and the consistency of their measurement results was compared.Results:The total health literacy scores of 202 surgical patients measured by C-AAHLS and BHLS were respectively (23.16±2.94) and (7.50±3.58), both were at a medium level, and they are consistent in differences in the health literacy levels of different ages, occupations, and educational levels, with statistical significance; the Bland-Altman graph shows that the maximum difference between the measurement results of the two tools is 1.68 <1.824 (average value), the average value of the difference is close to 0, and the results are highly consistent (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:The results of C-AAHLS and BHLS in measuring health literacy are consistent, and clinical medical staff can choose the suitable measurement tool according to the appropriate situation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical and pathological characteristics between patients with and without glomerular hematuria.

METHODSTotally 310 patients with isolated microscopic hematuria and 24-hour urinary protein <0.5 g were enrolled in this study, who were free of renal calculi, infections, or tumors. These patients were divided into glomerular hematuria group and non-glomerular hematuria group according examination by phase-contrast microscope, and their clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 209 patients identified to have glomerular hematuria, 46.41% had IgA nephropathy, 22.49% had small glomerular lesions, and 14.35% had non-IgA mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In the patients with non-glomerular hematuria, 65.34% had IgA nephropathy, 21.78% had non-IgA mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and 8.91% had small glomerular lesions. No significant differences were found in the patients' gender, age, course of disease or hypertension between the two groups (P>0.05), but renal insufficiency was more common in patients with glomerular hematuria.

CONCLUSIONIgA nephropathy is still the most frequent pathological finding in patients with hematuria, and even in non-glomerular hematuria patients severe renal pathological changes can be common.

Adult ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Hematuria ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult