OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial distribution and drug-sensitivity in sputum bacterial culture of the hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infection in the department of respiratory medicine to help reasonably choose the antibiotics and reduce the nosocomial infection rate. METHODS The bacterial infection of all the hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection in the department of respiratory medicine from 2004 to 2005 was analyzed retrospectively and compared with all the patients of the hospital. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of the department of respiratory medicine in 2005 was 10.18%,which was higher than the rate of nosocomial infection of the whole hospital(3.09%).The Gram-negative bacteria were the main ones infected through respiratory tract.What should be paid attention to was the comparably higher fungal infection rate in 2005.The main Gram-negative bacteria were dominated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The most sensitive drug was piperacillin+ tazobactam in 2004 and aminoglycoside antibiotics in 2005.The Gram-positive bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection is dominated by lower respiratory tract infection in the department of respiratory medicine.The nosocomial infection rate,dominated by Gram-negative bacteria is high.In order to decrease nosocomial infection rate,cross infection should be avoided,sensitive antibiotics be chosen,body resistance be enhanced and hospital stay be reduced.

Objective: To analyze relevant ethical issues in safeguarding the right of informed consent among patients with cancer in the course of medical treatment and convalescence,so as to protect their legal right of informed consent and provide a more rational and humanistic medical treatment and nursing.Methods: Phenomenological method was adopted in this research and 13 subjects who met our criteria were interviewed randomly.Results: After reading,analyzing,introspecting,and classifying the data,8 themes of relevant ethical issues are concluded for the right of informed consent among patients with cancer in the course of medical treatment and convalescence,including the informed consent right of independent hospitalization,the informed consent right on one's own illness state,the informed consent right on medical insurance,the informed consent right on medical risks,the informed consent right on therapeutic schedule,the informed consent right on medical documents,the informed consent right on inspection,and family member's rights of informed consent.Conclusion: In order to provide a more rational and humanistic medical treatment and nursing for patients with cancer,relevant ethical issues of patients' informed consent right must be stressed and well settled,so as to better preserve patients' rights of informed consent.

Objective To know the masons of delaying to receive medical treatment among patients with breast cancer, and then reference to related health education. Methods 13 patients with breast cancer were selected in this research, interviewed them by phenomenological method to know their reasons of delaying to receive medical treatment, analized the results of interview by Clolaizzi method. Results The were five themes for patients with breast cancer about delaying to receive medical treatment, they were not understand breast cancer-related knowledge, shortage of method of self-examination, psychological factors, working pressure and family factors, social environment factors. Conclusions We should strengthen breast cancer-related health education when changed women's traditional ideas and ameliorated their family and social environment.

Objective To investigate the effects of dynamic ventilatory factors on inflammatory response and function of extrapulmonary organs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) dogs. Method Thirty-six healthy dogs were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group (N group), ARDS group ( M group) and ventilation groups (A～D groups)hased on a series of random number. The ARDS dog model was replicated by iutrawacheal instillation of hydrochloric acid and mechanical ventilation was carried out according to the following protocols. Group A:low VT, low inspiratory flow and high respiratory rate. Group B: large VT, high inspiratory flow and high respiratory rate. Group C: large VT, high inspiratory flow and low respiratory rate. Group D: large VT, low inspiratory flow and low respiratory rate. After 4 hours of mechanical ventilation, animals were sacrificed.Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and intefleukin (IL)-8 levels in blood serum were measured by radioimmunoassay.Histopathological changes of liver and kidney were observed under light microscope. Results The level of IL-8 and TNF-u of group B and C were much higher than those of group D, A and M ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among group D, A and M ( P>0.05). The level of IL-8 and TNF-α of group N were much lower than other groups ( P<0.05). The change of histopathology was the most significant in group B and C while the change of histopathology on group C was better than group B. The change of histopathology on group A and D was better than group B and C. The change of group A was similar to group M. All the data were analyzed by statistical F test. There was statistical difference with P<0.05. Comclusions Large tidal volumes with high inspiratory flow and high respiratory rate may increase mediators of inflammation in blood sennn, and aggravate the irflamnnmtory response of extrapulmonary organs. Beducfion of inspiratory flow and respiratory rate ventilation may prevent the occurrence d multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Objective To investigate the influence of psychosocial factors to emotional disorder of tumor patients. Methods 76 patients with tumor and other 76 patients with tumor were including. All the patients themselves completed once through the following questionnaires: Symptom Check List (SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Life Event Scale (LES). However, Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety rating Scale (HAMA) were measured by the researchers. Results The occurrence rate of depression and anxiety in tumor patients was clearly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), while the negative life event increased. Conclusion The occurrence rate of the emotional disorder among tumor patients is clearly higher than the control group, which may be related with the negative life event.

Aim To investigate the effect of Zhizi Baipi soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi on protecting concanavalin (ConA)-induced immuno-logical liver injury in mice and explore the possible protective mechanism.Methods The model of mouse immunological liver injury induced by (ConA,20 mg ·kg -1 )was used to observe the effects of Zhizi Baipi soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi by gavage administration.Results Zhizi Baipi Soup and its disassembled prescription containing Zhizi were able to reduce the level of serum ALT,AST and MDA content,improve liver tissue SOD activity and reduce
the expression of NF-κB-p65 and NF-κB-p-p65,in which all parties of Zhizi Baipi Soup Group had best effect on immunological liver injury in mice.Conclu-sion Zhizi Baipi Soup and its disassembled prescrip-tion containing Zhizi have remarkably protective effect on ConA-induced immunological liver injury in mice, and the potential mechanism may be related to the reg-ulation of the immune response pathway.

Objective To detect the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R),and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) expression in renal tissue and the levels of their antibodies in adult idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).Also to determine the value of the two markers in the diagnosis of IMN.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with biopsyproven MN at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2014 to August 2015 were enrolled,including 86 patients with IMN,10 patients with HBV-MN and 10 patients with stage Ⅴ lupus nephritis (LN-Ⅴ).Twenty patients with minimal change disease (MCD) were regarded as control group.We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of the presence of THSD7A and PLA2R the Paraffin section and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting serum PLA2R-AB and THSD7A-AB concentration to investigate whether there was a correlation between them and clinical indicators.Results Compared with the SMN and MCD groups,the positive rates of PLA2R and PLA2R-AB were significantly higher in IMN groups.Expression PLA2R was detected in 88.4％,47.4％,10％ and 0％ and PLA2R-AB in 82.6％,15％,10％,0％,respectively,of the patients with IMN,HBV-MN,LN-Ⅴ and MCD.Expression THSD7A was detected in 2.3％ of the patients with IMN while not detected in SMN and MCD.THSD7A-AB antibody was negative in all patients.Compared with serum PLA2R-Ab negative individuals,patients with serum PLA2R-Ab positive had lower serum albumin (P ＜ 0.001),higher urine protein excretion (P=0.01).The sensitivity of PLA2R-AB,PLA2R,THSD7A and PLA2R+THSD7A in the diagnosis of IMN were 82.6％,88.4％,2.3％,88.6％,and the specificity was 92％,66.7％,100％,66.7％,respectively.Conclusions PLA2R in renal tissue and serum PLA2R-AB are specific markers for the diagnosis of IMN,which are closely related with the severity of IMN.Expression of THSD7A is only positive in some of IMN patients with negative PLA2R,which can be used as a supplementary examination of IMN patients with negative PLA2R.

To facilitate noninvasive diagnosis of anemia, high-performance and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer for human blood constituents was designed and fabricated based on linear variable filter (LVF).Meanwhile, the performance of support vector regression (SVR) model for quantitative analysis of human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated.Spectral data were collected noninvasively from 100 volunteers by self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer, then divided into calibration set, validation set 1 and 2.To establish a robust SVR model, grid search method was applied to optimize the penalty parameter and kernel function parameter c=5.28, g=0.33.Then, Hb levels in the validation 1 and 2 sets were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 10.20 g/L and 10.85 g/L, respectively, and the relative RMSEP (R-RMSEP) were 6.85% and 7.48%, respectively.The results indicated that the SVR model had high prediction accuracy to Hb level and adaptability to different samples, and could satisfy the requirements of clinical measurement.Based on the SVR algorithm, the self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer has a wide application prospect in the field of non-invasive anemia diagnosis.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Humans ; Synchrotrons

Objective To investigate the mouse liver blood vessel images using phase contrast X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation. Methods 6 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, 3 mice in each group. In one group, livers excised after hgated arteries, veins and common bile duct. In another group, iodine infused via the portal vein and drained from inferior vena cave until all the blood in the portal veins and hepatic veins was displaced. After infusion, arteries, veins and common bile duct were ligated and livers were excised. Results Blood vessel images were clearly produced by diffraction enhanced imaging. This method can discriminate vessels down to about 40 μm in diameter without contrast agent. Using a contrasting agent more details could be produced. In one liver lobe, the entire branch of the portal vein could be clearly produced by one by one phase contrast image from the main axial blood vessels of liver lobe to the nine generation of branching. Conclusions Phase contrast imaging has the advantage of good contrast and high spatial resolution. [Key wnrds] Synchrotron radiation; Phase contrast imaging; Diffraction enhanced imaging; Blood vessel; X-rays