It has been confirmed that genetic factor plays an im-portant role in the pathogenesis of depression. MTHFR is one of the key enzymes in folate and homocysteine ( Hcy ) metabolism which participates in Alzheimer’ s disease, depression and other mental illnesses. MTHFR-677C/T polymorphism causes the de-crease of enzyme activity and heat resistance, which will lead to lower folate and elevated plasmal Hcy concentration. All of these results put together will cause the central neuronal damage and microvascular damage and affect the synthesis of central neuro-transmitter and methylation of biogenic amines and phospholipids in the central nervous system, which will eventually induce vari-ous mental illnesses like depression, etc. This article reviews the research advancement in the relationship between MTHFR-677C/T polymorphism and depression in recent years on the basis of MTHFR gene mutation and function, lack of folic acid, elevated plasma homocysteine levels and the MTHFR-C677T polymor-phism. Based on which we hope to bring new ideas about treat-ment of depression.

[Objective]: To study the in-vitro anti-HBV activity of Bushen Jianpi Formula (BJF). [Methods] 2.2.15 cell strain was cultured in vitro to observe the effect of BJF on its secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg. [Results] After the addition of BJF for ten days, median toxic concentration of BJF was 37.80g/L, median inhibitory concentrations of HBsAg and HBeAg were 19.05g/L and 9.55g/L, and the therapeutic index was 1.98and 3.96. [Conclusion] It is suggested that BJF has an in-vitro inhibitory effect on the secretion of HBeAg.

We prepared gold nanostar (GNS) through seed growth method firstly,then formation of COX-2 siRNA(siCOX-2) and GNS composite modified with polyethylene glyco (PEG),2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucos (DG) and 9-D-arginin (9R) was prepared.Mterwords,paclitaxel temperature sensitive liposome (PTX-TSL) was prepared by film dispersion method.Finally,siCOX-2 delivery systerm (PTX-TSL-(siCOX-2(9R/DG-GNS)))was obtained by hydrosulfuryl ligand reaction between siCOX-2 (9R/DG-GNS) and PTX-TSL The successful build of siCOX-2 (9R/DG-GNS) was vetified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE),and ultraviolet spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis method.Particle size of PTX-TSL-(siCOX-2(9R/DG-GNS)) was (292 ± 14) nm and Zeta potential was about -(2.59 ± 0.12) mV,which were measured by Zetasizer Nano ZS90.The morphology of PTX-TSL-(siCOX-2 (9R/DG-GNS)) measured by transmissionelectronmicroscopy showed homogeneous star structure with phospholipid bilayer on the surface,and it showed good thermal conversion efficiency under radiation of 808 nm laser.Differential scanning calorimetry test showed that PTX-TSL phase transition temperature is about 42.6 ℃.The drug loading content(using dialysis method) and encapsulation efficiency of PTX-TSL were about 7.5％ and 95.4％,at the same time,the release process experiment of PTX-TSL showed that it had a good temperature sensitive release performance.It is hopeful that this siCOX-2 system can be used for reducing drug resistance of PTX and improving the treatment effect of PTX through the synergistic antitumor drug resistance effect of siCOX-2.

Chitosan(CS)surface was modified with hydrophobic octyl groups to prepare N-octyl chitosan(nitro-gen-octyl chitosan;OC).Then hydrophilic group carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-amino (PEG);tumor-targeting lig-and D-glucosamine(DG);and membrane-penetrating peptide 9-D-arginine(9R)were linked to OC successively. Then the DG and 9R modified chitosan micelle (DG/9R-PEG-OC)with tumor-targeting and transmembrane effect was prepared.By hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1 H NMR)and sodium dodecyl sul-fate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE);the successful formation of DG/9R-PEG-OC was certified;with particle size of 151.8 nm and Zeta potential of 16.5 mV.The morphology of chitosan micelle observed by transmission electron microscope was homogeneous spherical structure.The drug loading content (DLC)(using fluorescein as a model drug)and encapsulation efficiency (EE)were about 28.2% and 75.0% measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer.Meanwhile;the drug showed a controlled releasing profile out of the micelle.Cellu-lar uptake experiments indicated DG/9 R-PEG-OC micelle had a significant tumor-tageting and transmembrane effects;especially on HepG2 cells;which exbihited high expression of the glucose transporter.Thus DG/9R-PEG-OC micelle could be a promising drug targeted delivery system of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the protective effect of chronic clonorchis sinesis(Cs) infestation against sepsis in Sprague Dawley(SD) rats in order to explore its underlying mechanism.Methods Chronic Cs infestation model of SD rats was reproduced by intra-gastric administration with Cs ova.Twenty rats were randomly(random number) divided into normal group(n=10) and Cs group(n=10).The proportion of differentiation in M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of Arg-1(arginine-1),FIZZ 1,iNOs and TNF-αmRNA were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) procedure was performed to reproduce sepsis model of SD rats.Sixty rats were randomly(random number) divided into control group,SHAM group,CLP group,Mφ+CLP group,Cs-Mφ+CLP group,and Cs-CLP group.The cumulative mortalities were calculated.The pathological changes of the lung tissue in different groups were demonstrated by HE staining.The serum levels of cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by ELISA at 0,24,48 and 72 h after CLP procedure.Results Compared with M1 peritoneal macrophages differentiation in control group(91.9%),rat peritoneal macrophages were activated to M2 differentiation(95.1%) in chronic Cs infection group.RT-PCR assay showed expression of Arg-1 and FIZZ 1 mRNA were higher in M2 macrophages,and on the contrary, the expression of iNOS mRNA expression was higher in M1 macrophages.The expression of TNF-α mRNA in M1 was significantly higher than that in M2, whereas the expression of IL-10 mRNA in M2 was higher than that in M1.The cumulative mortality of septic rats 72 h after CLP procedure were much lower in both chronic Cs infestation group and M2 macrophages adoptive transfer group(CLP group 70%vs.Mφ+CLP group 50%vs.Cs-Mφ+CLP group 30%vs.Cs-CLP group 0%,P<0.05).In these two groups,the pathological damages in lung tissues were significantly improved.The serum level of TNF-α was decreased and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level was increased significantly in these two groups with Cs compared with other groups.Conclusion M2 macrophages polarization induced by chronic Cs infestation with M2 phenotype gene and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene play key role in increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to allerviate organ damage and ameliorating the survival rate in septic rats.

Objective To detect the expression levels of serum ITAC, Fractalkine, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-7 and TNF-α in patients with gastric cancer, and to explore correlation among them, as well as their association with different clinical characteristics.Methods The levels of the 6 kinds of cytokines in serum of 46 gastric cancer patients (gastric cancer group) and 30 healthy people (healthy control group) were detected.Results Compared with those in healthy control group, the levels of serum ITAC, Fractalkine, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-7 and TNF-α in gastric cancer group were significantly increased [22.26 (32.83) pg/ml vs 11.95 (9.99) pg/ml, P =0.001;62.21 (82.23) pg/ml vs 26.47 (50.87) pg/ml, P =0.050;4.50 (10.38) pg/ml vs 2.06 (3.17) pg/ml, P =0.002;0.83 (2.01) pg/ml vs 0.21 (0.85) pg/ml, P=0.013;3.46 (1.90) pg/ml vs 2.11 (1.48) pg/ml, P=0.001;1.21 (1.13) pg/ml vs 0.79 (0.37) pg/ml, P ＜ 0.001].There were correlations between cytokines (all P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum cytokines was no significant difference between gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis and those without lymph node metastasis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The high level of serum ITAC, Fractalkine, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-7 or TNF-α may be related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.High level of serum IL-8 may be a marker of poor prognosis of gastric cancer, and interaction between the various cytokines also has a certain association with tumorigenesis.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide insights into influenza prevention and control. Methods: Data pertaining to influenza outbreaks reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from National Influenza Surveillance System in China, including time, region, cases and pathogen types of influenza outbreaks. The temporal, spatial and pathogen distribution of influenza outbreaks were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 577 influenza outbreaks involving 448 698 individuals were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and the overall attack rate was 5.34% (23 974 cases), with no death reported. The lowest attack rate of influenza was 0.26%, and the highest was 80.00%, with a median attack rate of 10.89% (interquartile range, 24.26%). The outbreak had the shortest duration of 1.00 day, and the longest duration of 59.00 days, with a median duration of 9.00 (interquartile range, 11.00) days. There were 387 influenza outbreaks that occurred between November and January of the following year (67.07%), and the three highest numbers of outbreaks were reported in Hangzhou City (310 outbreaks), Wenzhou City (51 outbreaks) and Jinhua City (46 outbreaks). There were 395 outbreaks reported in urban regions (68.46%), 93 in counties and townships (16.12%) and 89 in rural regions (15.42%), and influenza outbreaks predominantly occurred in primary schools (487 outbreaks, 84.40%). In addition, the types of pathogens were alternately prevalent, with influenza B virus (241 outbreaks, 41.77%) and A/H3N2 virus (232 outbreaks, 40.21%) as predominant subtypes. Conclusions Influenza outbreaks mainly occurred in winter in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and primary schools were main places of influenza outbreaks, while influenza B virus and A/H3N2 virus were predominant subtypes. It is necessary to reinforce the surveillance and report of influenza-like illness in schools and improve the coverage of influenza vaccination to prevent influenza outbreaks.

This paper reported that the activation of oncogenes in human fetal esopha geal epithelium treated by alternariol (AOH). It was found that NIH/3T3 cells were transformed via transfeetion of DNA extracted from human fetal esophageal epithelium which was cultured and treated by 10?g/ml AOH in a short term in vitro. The efficiency of primary loci was 0.17 focus per ?g of DNA. In the secondary transfection, the efficiency was 0.58 focus per ?g of DNA (P

Objectives: To find out the demands and status in quo of the development of specialty nursing and to provide positive suggestions for the further development of specialty nursing in Tibet. Methods: Self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate 16 different level hospitals across Tibet. Results: Among the 16 hospitals in which there were altogether 1677 nursing staff and only 11 hospitals had cultivated specialty nurses with a number of 123 in total. The rate of specialty nurses allocated was 7.2%. 9 hospitals expressed the need to develop specialty nurses in nearly future and the number of specialty nurses needed was 577. Conclusion Tibet should step up the development of specialty nursing, establish and perfect the training method and management system about specialty nurses as soon as possible.

The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene mutation is the most common genetic mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis. Various targeted inhibitors have been developed for FLT3 mutations and have shown promising clinical efficacy. However, the emergence of resistance poses new challenges for targeted therapy in AML. This article provides an overview of the pathological and prognostic role of FLT3 mutations in AML, the current research progress on commonly used FLT3 inhibitors (type I and type II), the mechanisms of FLT3 inhibitor resistance, and strategies for overcoming resistance.