Objective: To analyze the association between tea drinking during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery and abortion,so as to provide basis for prevention of preterm delivery and abortion. Methods: The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBMdisc,PubMed and Web of Science were searched for cohort studies and case-control studies into the association between tea consumption during pregnancy and preterm delivery or abortion until June 30 th,2019. Relative risk（RR）or odds ratio（OR）were used as indicators for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 1 099 articles were retrieved,14 of them were included in the quantitative study,including 9 cohort studies with 18 295 exposed and 71 890 unexposed individuals and 5 case-control studies with 1 351 cases and 3 059 controls. There was no statistically significant association between tea drinking during pregnancy and preterm birth or abortion（OR/RR=1.08,95%CI：0.99-1.18）. The linear regression model of random effect showed that with the increase of tea consumption during pregnancy,the risk of premature delivery and abortion did not change significantly（OR/RR=1.05，95%CI：0.99-1.11）. There was no publication bias found in Begg's test and Egger's test. Conclusion Drinking tea during pregnancy is not associated with preterm delivery and abortion.

Objective To establish female and male bovine collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)models and compare the effects of gender differences on joint and extra-articular manifestations of the CIA model.Methods The CIA model was induced by injection of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant into female and male SD rats.The general condition,arthritis index,foot swelling,serum proinflammatory factors and plasminogen activator inhibitor levels,spleen index,knee and ankle joint pathologies,right rear paw bone destruction,and pulmonary interstitial lesions were evaluated.Results The arthritis index of female CIA rats was significantly higher than that of male CIA rats on day 21 after initial immunization(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found in the degree of foot swelling between the two groups at any time point(P＞0.05).Serum tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin-1β,and the spleen index of female CIA rats were significantly higher than those of male CIA rats(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).No significant difference was found in plasminogen activator inhibitor levels(P＞0.05).The scores of inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial hyperplasia in the knee and ankle pathologies of female CIA rats were significantly higher than those of male CIA rats(P＜0.05),and cartilage damage of the knee joint and bone damage of the right rear paw of female CIA rats were significantly higher than that of male rats(P＜0.05).Both male and female CIA rats showed pulmonary interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and mild fibrosis,but the pulmonary interstitial lesions in females were more severe than those in males.Conclusions Female and male CIA models established in SD rats have arthritis and pulmonary interstitial lesions,but the lesion degree in female CIA rats is more serious.When using CIA models for RA-related research,attention should be focused on the effect of gender differences.

The access negotiations of National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) in China from 2017 to 2019 effectively improved the availability and affordability of high-value innovative drugs. However,the actual outpatient reimbursement of most negotiated drugs is lower,which affects the patients" health insurance funds. In this paper,97 negotiated drugs in 337 overall planning cities were selected as samples to analyze the outpatient reimbursement for negotiated drugs. The results showed that the reimbursement level of 40 negotiated drugs was less than 50% in over 70% cities,which can be mainly interpreted as absence or imperfection of outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases. Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions and protocols for improving the outpatient medical insurance through realizing outpatient overall planning,improving outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases,and exploring innovative payment,ensuring the achievement of the access to NRDL.

OBJECTIVE To screen the quality biomarkers of Gnaphalium affine with anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） effect and determine their contents. METHODS The effective components and targets of “G. affine” with anti- COPD effect were predicted by using network pharmacology as a search criterion. HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of G. affine were established by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）； common peak identification and similarity evaluation were conducted； cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were performed to screen differential components as quality maker that affected the quality of G. affine using variable importance projection （VIP）＞1 as the standard. The same HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of the differential components in 10 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 10 flavonoids （such as quercetin， luteolin， and chlorogenic acid） and organic acid components， were identified through network pharmacology search， with 91 targets closely related to anti-COPD. A total of 9 common peaks were identified in 10 batches of samples， with similarity greater than 0.90. Among them， the differential components included chlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， 1，3-O- dicaffeoylquinic acid and apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside； S3， S4， S6， S7 and S10 were clustered into one category， S2， S5， S8 and S9 clustered into one category， and S1 clustered into one category. The contents of chlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， 1，3-O- dicaffeoylquinic acid， and apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in 10 batches of G. affine ranged 0.070-7.653， 0.010-0.097， 0.001- 0.036， 0.508-6.627 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， 1，3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid， apigenin 7- O-β-D-glucopyranoside can serve as the potential quality marker for the anti-COPD effect of G. affine， with the highest content of chlorogenic acid in G. affine produced in Ji’an， Jiangxi province， and the highest content of caffeic acid in G. affine produced in Ji’an， Jiangxi province and Sanming， Fujian province. The contents of the last two components are highest in G. affine produced in Chaoshan， Guangdong province.