The elimination of Oncomelania hupensis snails is important to schistosomiasis control. Recently,the application of molluscicidal organisms is considered as a safe and efficient method for snail elimination. In order to provide scientific evi?dences for effective control of O. hupensis and schistosomiasis,this paper summarizes the researches of molluscicidal microor?ganisms against O. hupensis.

Objective To determine the expression of Notch pathway receptors (Notch1 and Notch4) and ligands (Jagged1 and Dll4) in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) tissues,and to preliminarily explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CMM.Methods Immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression pattern and intensity of Notch1,Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 in 40 paraffin-embedded CMM specimens and 15 paraffin-embedded pigmented nevus specimens.Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation analysis with the SPSS 21.0 software.Results Notchl was detected in 31 (77.5％) of 40 CMM specimens,as well as in 3 of 15 pigmented nevus specimens,and the positive rates significantly differed between the two groups (x2 =15.281,P ＜ 0.001).However,no significant difference in the expression intensity of Notch1 was observed between 18 in situ melanoma tissues and 22 invasive melanoma tissues (x2 =0.631,P =0.427).In addition,the positive rates of Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 were also significantly higher in the CMM group than those in the pigmented nevus group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression intensity of Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 significantly differed between in situ and invasive melanoma tissues (all P ＜ 0.05).In CMM tissues,the expression of Notch1 was positively correlated with that of Jagged1 (rs =0.350,P =0.027) and Dll4 (rs =0.562,P ＜ 0.001),while the expression of Jaggedl was negatively correlated with that of Dl14 (rs =-0.734,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Abnormality of the Notch signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma,but further researches are still needed to elucidate the detailed mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of total flavonoids from Armeniaca mume on depression in chronic stress depression model rats. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal saline group,model group,fluox-etine group(positive control,20 mg/kg)and total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(80,160, 240 mg/kg), 10 in each group. Except for normal saline group, the other groups adopted chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)+solitary feeding condition to induce depression model. These groups were intragastrically administered,once a day,for 28 d. Changes of body mass and food intake,degree of preference for sugar were observed;forced swimming test and tail suspen-sion test were used to determine the time that rats did not move;open field test was used to determine the changes of residence time in central square,horizontal crossing lattice,standing times,modification times;tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),cortisol, interleukin 6 (IL-6),serotonin (5-HT) levels in serum after 24 h of last administration were determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal saline group,growth of body mass,food intake and sugar preference percentage in model group were decreased;the time that rats did not move was prolonged in forced swimming test and tail suspension test;residence time in central square was prolonged,while horizontal crossing lattice,standing times and modification times were decreased in open field test;serum levels of TNF-α,cortisol were increased,while IL-6,5-HT were decreased,with statistical significances (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,except that there were no obvious improvement in sugar preference percentage,the time that rats did not move in forced swimming test,modification times in open field test in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose group and IL-6, 5-HT levels in serum in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose groups,the above-mentioned indexes were obvious-ly improved in other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Total flavonoids from A. mume can obviously improve the CUMS-induced depression in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammation response,adjusting the hypothala-mus-pituitary-adrenal axis functions.

Objective To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014,so as to provide the reference for formulating effective intervention mea-sures. Methods Junshan District was selected as a study field in Eastern Dongting Lake area. The method of spatial autocorre-lation analysis was applied to analyze the change of spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection in Junshan District in 2012 and 2014. The spatial regression model was fitted to detect the risk factors for human infection. Results The livestock infection rate in 2013 was lower than that in 2011. The average infection rate of schistosome was reduced to 0.55%in 2014. The spatial auto-correlation existed on the distribution of schistosomiasis in Junshan District in both 2012 and 2014 and 4 high incidence villages were identified. The results of the spatial error model showed that the prevalence of human infection was positively correlated with the infection rate of the livestock and the area of the susceptible environment in 2012. The spatial lag model showed that the prevalence of human schistosomiasis was positively correlated with the area of the susceptible environment ,but not with the in-fection rate of livestock. Conclusion The measures involving grazing prohibition and phasing out cattle and sheep are remark-ably effective and should continue on the basis of the current spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in this area.

Objective To study the difference of attentional bias towards general negative words between non-mediated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and healthy controls.Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected from 26 non-mediated OCD patients and 24 normal controls while they performed an emotional Stroop task.Results Compared to healthy controls,OCD patients showed significantly longer reaction time (OCD:(467 ± 14.88) ms,Controls:(409.65 ± 15.49) ms,P＜ 0.01),and had significantly larger P2 and P3 amplitude to all three types of words (P2 amplitude:OCD:(10.41±0.49) μV,Controls:(8.89±0.48) μV,P＜0.05;P3 amplitude:(10.04±0.68) μV,Controls:(7.68±0.67) μV,P＜0.05).In addition,the P2 peak latency of the frontal area in OCD patients was significantly longer than that in healthy controls(OCD:(190.09±4.71) ms,Controls:(179.60±4.72) ms,P＜0.05).Conclusion Current findings suggest that OCD patients are characterized by a general attentional inhibition deficit but not an attentional bias to the negative words.

Objective To investigate the fear and attitude of the common people to some threatening diseases .Methods Accord-ing to the age and sex structure of the whole nation ,500 common people were randomly enrolled in the public places of Chongqing main urban area .Firstly ,the respondents were asked to name three diseases they feared most .Then their fear degrees to eight im-portant diseases were performed the questionnaire survey .Results The top ten diseases that common people fear most by their own words were cancer ,AIDS ,heart disease ,hypertension ,stroke ,leukemia ,chronic liver diseases ,diabetes mellitus ,dementia and de-pression successively .Meanwhile ,their fear to the eight important diseases ,which was determined by the ratio of people who did fear to all ,were cancer(94 .2% ) ,traffic accidents(89 .2% ) ,heart disease(85 .0% ) ,AIDS(79 .4% ) ,tuberculosis(76 .8% ) ,hepatitis B(76 .6% ) ,Alzheimer′s disease(73 .4% ) and depression(69 .0% ) .Further analysis showed that such fear was significantly influ-enced by age ,sex and education level .Conclusion The knowledge and perception of common people about certain diseases is one-si-ded ,and their health awareness should be improved .

BACKGROUND:With the proven ability of traditional Chinese medicine such as icariin and berberine to promote bone regeneration by regulating various mechanisms and targets,researchers have combined active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with bone tissue engineering and found that they have unique advantages in treating bone defects. OBJECTIVE:Starting from the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines that promote bone formation,to screen cases of their effective combination with different drug-carrying scaffold materials,and summarize the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines that have the potential to be applied to bone tissue engineering. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2000 to 2023,using the keywords of"bone tissue engineering,bone tissue-engineered scaffold materials,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,traditional Chinese medicine"in Chinese and English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,87 papers were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There are various kinds of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine to promote bone regeneration,mainly including flavonoids,non-flavonoid polyphenols,alkaloids,glycosides.These active ingredients have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,promote osteoblasts,inhibit osteoclasts and promote early angiogenesis.The combination of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with bone tissue engineering is effective in anti-inflammation,accelerating collagen and bone formation,and promoting the expression of osteogenic genes,which provides a theoretical basis for the application of traditional Chinese medicine in bone tissue regeneration,and at the same time provides a new idea for the repair of bone defects.

s] Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with focus on total removal of cattle and sheep in Junshan District,Yueyang City. Methods The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the pilot villages in Junshan District. The data of Schistosoma japonicum infection status of human,cattle,sheep and Oncome-lania hupensis snails,and density of snails were gathered and modeled in the period of 2006 to 2016. Results The prevalence of schistosome infection in residents in the pilot villages decreased from 3.44％ in 2006 to 0.59％ in 2012(F = 14.501,P =0.013). After removal of all the cattle and sheep in 2013,the prevalence of schistosome infection in the residents decreased to zero in 2016(F=14.148,P=0.033). The density of living snails decreased from 0.8833/0.1 m2 in 2006 to 0.3088/0.1 m2 in 2012(F=76.250,P=0.005). Conclusion The comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal is remarkably effective.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided lumbar quadratus muscle plane block combined with general anesthesia on the analgesic effect during and after laparoscopic colon cancer radical surgery in elderly patients.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 61 elderly patients who underwent radical colon cancer surgery at the Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University from May 2022 to February 2023, with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) grades Ⅱ to Ⅲ. They were randomly divided into SA and GA groups using a random number table method, with 31 patients in the SA group and 30 patients in the GA group. The SA group received ultrasound-guided plane block of the upper lumbar quadratus muscle in the arcuate ligament combined with general anesthesia, while the GA group received simple general anesthesia. Record the mean artery pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of two groups of patients at the time of entering the operating room (T 0), 5 minutes before skin incision (T 1), at skin incision (T 2), 30 minutes after surgery (T 3), at surgery end (T 4), and during anesthesia resuscitation and extubation (T 5); The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of two groups of patients at T 5, upon returning to the ward (T 6), 6 hours (T 7), 12 hours (T 8), 24 hours (T 9), and 48 hours (T 10) after surgery were recorded; The dosage of sufentanil, remifentanil, and propofol used during surgery, anesthesia recovery time, total number of analgesic pump presses within 48 hours after surgery, Lovett muscle strength score, early postoperative recovery, and adverse reactions within 48 hours after surgery were also recorded. Resultsl:The MAP and HR of the SA group were lower than those of the GA group at T 1-5 (all P<0.05); The VAS score of the SA group was lower than that of the GA group at T 5-10 (all P<0.05); The intraoperative dosage of propofol, remifentanil, and sufentanil in the SA group was lower than that in the GA group (all P<0.05); The anesthesia recovery time and first time out of bed in the SA group were earlier than those in the GA group (all P<0.05); The total number of times the analgesic pump was pressed within 48 hours after surgery was less than that of the GA group ( P<0.05); The incidence of nausea and vomiting within 48 hours after surgery in the SA group was lower than that in the GA group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative Lovett muscle strength score, hospital stay, and dizziness incidence between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided lumbar quadratus muscle plane block on the arcuate ligament can significantly reduce the dosage of intraoperative general anesthesia drugs and postoperative analgesics in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colon cancer surgery, reduce postoperative pain scores, effectively alleviate postoperative pain, and thus advance the patient′s first time out of bed activity, reduce postoperative complications, and promote rapid recovery.

Objective:To explore the relationship between death indicators and unplanned return indicators on healthcare quality evaluation.Methods:A total of 836 976 medical record data were collected from 31 tertiary public general hospitals in a diagnosis-related groups(DRG) data platform in 2017. Multiple death indices(low and low-risk risk group mortality, high-risk group mortality, crude mortality, and risk adjusted mortality) and unplanned return indices(31-day unplanned readmission rate and 31-day unplanned return to surgery rate) were calculated. Pearson′s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships among those indices.Results:Death indicators were correlated with each other, but the unplanned readmission rate was not correlated with the unplanned reoperation rate( r=0.305). There was no correlation between unplanned re-entry rate and death rate. The correlation coefficients were as follows: unplanned readmission rate versus low and low-risk group mortality( r=-0.227), versus high-risk group mortality( r=-0.098), versus actual mortality( r=-0.130), versus risk adjusted mortality( r=0.010); unplanned reoperation rate versus low and low-risk group mortality( r=0.105), versus high-risk group mortality( r=0.030), versus actual mortality( r=-0.004), versus risk adjusted mortality( r=-0.141). Conclusions:The indicators of death and the indicators of unplanned return are not the same in terms of actual management technology and evaluation effect. They are complementary to each other and can form an ideal combination of quality evaluation indicators.