OBJECTIVE:To discuss the cost-effectiveness of4therapeutic schemes in the treatment of Type2diabetes.METHODS:Cost-effectiveness analyses were made on4therapeutic schemes by using pharmacoeconomical principle,which were:metformin+clipizde(Scheme A),metformin+pioglitazone(Scheme B),metformin+repaglinide(Scheme C),and met-formin+novolin30R(Scheme D).RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the total effective rate among4schemes.The cost-effectiveness ratios in Scheme A,B,C and D were2.21,3.21,2.63,and6.54,respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratios increments in Scheme B,C,and D were64.82,—6.41,and51.25as against Scheme A.CONCLUSION:Among the4schemes,Scheme A is the preferable choice.

Objective To explore the application value of Roy adaptation mode in self-image disorder and reformation of patients suffered from breast cancer after operation.Methods 178 cases of postoperative patients suffered from breast cancer were separately divided into the experimental group (90 cases)and the control group(88 cases) at random according to the order of hospital admission.The experimental group adopted nursing of the Roy adaptation mode based upon operation and normal treatment,while the control group received general nursing besides operation and routine treatment.The investigation was carried out using the form of questionnaires.The occurrence rate of self-image disorder,life quality by using GQOLI-74 questionnaire,psychological quality by using emotion scale were compared between the two groups.Results The occurrence rate of the self-image disorder of the patients of the experimental group was evidently lower than that of the control group after the nursing measure was taken.Scores of all items of life quality and emotional scale of the experimental group were evidently higher than those of the control group.Conclusions Applying Roy adaptation mode to nurse post-operative patients suffered from breast cancer is a very good nursing mode,it can facilitate psychological suitability,improve psychological quality and promote their effective adaptability.It has pivotal significance to lower the occurrence rate of the self-image disorder of the patients,reform the self-image and make them return to society early.

Objective To explore the application of nursing risk management in the patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy. Methods Patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy in our hospital from January to December 2009 were surveyed retrospectively, and analyzed the factors that may cause drug extravasations. Then the appropriate care and risk management measures were implemented by the nursing staff from January to December 2010. Incidence of drug extravasations was compared before and after the implementation of the measures. Results Before the implementation of nursing risk management, the incidence of drug extravasations of the patients with breast cancer of postoperative chemotherapy was 5.77%, the incidence of skin necrosis was 0.64%; after the implementation of nursing risk management,leakage of chemotherapy drugs was 0.59%, no skin necrosis occurs. Conclusions Implementation of nursing risk management can significantly reduce the incidence of chemotherapy drugs leaking in patients with breast cancer during postoperative chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of total flavonoids from Armeniaca mume on depression in chronic stress depression model rats. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal saline group,model group,fluox-etine group(positive control,20 mg/kg)and total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(80,160, 240 mg/kg), 10 in each group. Except for normal saline group, the other groups adopted chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)+solitary feeding condition to induce depression model. These groups were intragastrically administered,once a day,for 28 d. Changes of body mass and food intake,degree of preference for sugar were observed;forced swimming test and tail suspen-sion test were used to determine the time that rats did not move;open field test was used to determine the changes of residence time in central square,horizontal crossing lattice,standing times,modification times;tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),cortisol, interleukin 6 (IL-6),serotonin (5-HT) levels in serum after 24 h of last administration were determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal saline group,growth of body mass,food intake and sugar preference percentage in model group were decreased;the time that rats did not move was prolonged in forced swimming test and tail suspension test;residence time in central square was prolonged,while horizontal crossing lattice,standing times and modification times were decreased in open field test;serum levels of TNF-α,cortisol were increased,while IL-6,5-HT were decreased,with statistical significances (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,except that there were no obvious improvement in sugar preference percentage,the time that rats did not move in forced swimming test,modification times in open field test in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose group and IL-6, 5-HT levels in serum in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose groups,the above-mentioned indexes were obvious-ly improved in other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Total flavonoids from A. mume can obviously improve the CUMS-induced depression in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammation response,adjusting the hypothala-mus-pituitary-adrenal axis functions.

Objective To summarize the nursing experiences of patients who have received liver transplantation. Method Through the analysis 3 forms of preoperative nursing care and 6 forms postoperative nursing care methods of two cases of patients who have received liver transplantation, the important point and method of nursing care was made out. Result There were no complications were found, and the two cases were fully recovered and discharge from the hospital. Conclusion Sufficient preoperative preparation, earlier period vital sign monitoring,proper using of immunosuppressive agent,protecting complication protection, diet guidance, proper activity and resting, were the keys for the success of liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the influence of psychological status on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer and supply evidence for improving quality of life for these patients. Methods Patients were divided into two groups according to median score of psychological status(11.43) by life quality inventory.The designed data of the quality of life in different domain were statistically analyzed. Restilts The quality of life of patients with good psychological status was higher than that with poor psychological status (P＜0.01). Conclusions Psychological status was the most pivotal factor that influences the quality of life of patients with breast cancer.Selective psychological nursing is expected to improve their quality of life.

Purpose To establish a new method for detecting p16INK4a in cervical tissues with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA).Methods 126 cases of paraffin imbedding tissues of cervix were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of EnVision two-step and TRFIA.Results There were 20 cases of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,24 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL),53 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 29 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).In the groups of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,HSIL and SCC,p161NK4a positive was seen in 1,19,53 and 28,respectively.TRFIA test results displayed p16INK4a positive in 3,17,50 and 27 cases,respectively.Positive of p16 using by TRFIA in no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,above HSIL was 15.00％,70.83％ and 93.90％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion TRFIA is suitable for detecting of p16INK4a protein and demand low detection equipment,p16INK4a expression detected by TRFIA may helpful for large scale detection in various clinical institution.

Objective To explore the effect of rational emotive therapy on self-esteem status of breast cancer patients.Methods 118 cases of breast cancer patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 59 cases in each group.The control group received routine care,and the observation group received rational emotive therapy on the basis of routine care.The self-esteem status of the two groups of patients was assessed before and after the intervention respectively with State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES).Results The score of behavior self-esteem,social self-esteem,appearance self-esteem and the total score of self-esteem of the patients in two groups before intervention showed no significant difference,but the above scores were higher in the observation group than those in the control group after intervention.Conclusions Rational emotive therapy can improve self-esteem status of breast cancer patients,thereby improve the mental health of the patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficiency of autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells for treatment of patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.MethodsEighteen patients of type 2 diabetes with diabetic lower limb ischemia (30 legs) were treated by autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells.ResultsThe limb pain, cool feeling and numbness feeling improved significantly after PBSC transplantation,the improvement rate were 96.7％, 100.0％ and 95.8％ respectively.Intermittent claudication was also relieved significantly, total remission rate was 76.9％.The ABI and TcPO2 of patients increased significantly at 3 months after transplantation.After the transplantation ABI raised from 0.60 ± 0.11 to 0.71 ±0.12(t =-6.882, P ＜ 0.01) .93.3％ of patients' TcPO2 raised in different degrees.The foot infections were well controlled.Ulcer or toes gangrene got better or healed.No obvious complications or adverse reaction were observed after the transplantation.ConclusionAutologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells shows to be a simple, safe and effective method in treating patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.

Objective: To investigate the delay in identification, healthcare-seeking, and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019, and to identify the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into tuberculosis control among students. Methods: The demographic and diagnosis data of tuberculosis patients in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019 were captured from the Tuberculosis Information Management System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis was analyzed among students, and the factors affecting the delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 996 tuberculosis cases were identified among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019. There were 702 students with delay in identification of tuberculosis (70.48%), 500 students with delay in healthcare-seeking (55.22%) and 534 students with delay in definitive diagnosis (53.61%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified active identification (OR=0.116, 95%CI: 0.032-0.420) as a factor affecting delay in identification of tuberculosis, women (OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.104-1.836), non-local household registration (OR=1.311, 95%CI: 1.016-1.694) and active identification (OR=0.232, 95%CI: 0.064-0.848) as factors affecting delay in healthcare-seeking, and active identification (OR=0.143, 95%CI: 0.032-0.644) as a factor affecting delay in definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students. Conclusions There is a high proportion of delay in identification, healthcare-seeking and definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis among students in Urumqi City from 2010 to 2019, and female and non-locally household-registered students were at a high risk of delay in healthcare-seeking for tuberculosis. Active detection and screening of tuberculosis should be reinforced.