BACKGROUND:The V-ATPase a3 transport system plays a crucial role on bone resorption mechanism of the osteoclasts.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of V-ATPase a3 transport system in fracture repair and the effect of V-ATPase a3 transport system inhibitor on fracture healing.
METHODS:We retrieved related literatures in the periodicals database with the key words, and screen them according to the inclusion criteria. The literatures were included in this study after the evaluation of quality.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:V-ATPase a3 transport system widely exists in the cytoplasm membrane and organel e membrane of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase a3 has two structural domains:V0 and V1. V0 structural domain is the proton transport channel, V1 structural domain is mainly the hydrolysis of ATP. V-ATPase a3 transport system focuses on the fril ed edge of osteoclasts, H+is transported to form a high concentration, dissolves inorganic minerals and provides the acidic environment for hydrolytic enzymes, thus being involved in bone resorption. So V-ATPase a3 transport system is selected as the research target in the fracture repair and reshape.

Objective To compare and evaluate the methods of building model of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA)rats by measuring the learning and memory ability,anxiety and depression,and degree of nervous tension of three kinds of CSA model rats.Methods We randomly divided 120 rats into mixed modeling group,bone graft compression modeling group,mechanical balance disorder modeling group,and blank control group with 30 rats in each.Morris water maze,elevated plus maze test and open field test were used to detect and compare the rats’abilities of learning and memory,anxiety and depression,and degree of nervous tension.We then evaluated the three CSA rat models.Results Compared with those in the blank group,the learning and memory abilities in the mixed modeling, bone graft compression and mechanical balance disorder modeling rats were significantly decreased,the anxiety and depression and degree of nervous tension were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with bone graft compression and mechanical balance disorder modeling groups,the mixed modeling group could restore the characteristics of CSA.Conclusion The three kinds of modeling methods can successfully reproduce the CSA animal model;the mixed modeling is superior and thus worthy of promotion.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules on treatment of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods Totally 130 cases of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group, and treated with Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules and Sibelium capsules respectively. Integration method was used to compare the differences of main symptoms and signs, the overall efficacy and safety were evaluated, and relapse after six months was followed up. Results Both groups had a significant effect on the improvement of signs and symptoms in vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, the total efficiency was 94.03%(63/67) in treatment group and 82.54% (52/63) in control group. The treatment group had a better effect on the overall efficacy and relieving symptoms and signs compared with the control group (P<0.01). The mean blood flow velocity had a significant change after treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.01). Within six months, the treatment group had 4 cases (6.34%) with mild recurrence of symptoms and signs, and the control group had 18 cases (34.61%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and no severe recurrence was found. The two groups showed no side effects. Conclusion Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules is safe and effective for treating vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and the long-term efficacy and subjects’ compliance are better than oral Sibelium capsules.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Huoxue-Dingxuan capsule-medicated serum on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd .3 with hypoxic injury .METHODS:The Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and Huoxue-Dingxuan capsule group .The serum was collected at the 7th day after drug administration . The bEnd.3 cells were divided into normal group , hypoxia serum model group and Huoxue-Dingxuan capsule serum group . After administration of the medicated serum , bEnd.3 cell were treated with hypoxia for 6 h.The cell morphology was ob-served under microscope , the apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry , and the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) were detected by ELISA .RESULTS:Compared with other groups, Huoxue-Dingxuan capsule-medicated serum significantly resisted the injury caused by hypoxia , obviously improved the morphology of bEnd .3 cells, significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by hypoxia , and effectively in-hibited the occurrence of hypoxia-induced G1/S phase arrest in the bEnd.3 cells.At the same time, the medicated serum inhibited MDA production , and increased SOD activity .CONCLUSION: Huoxue-Dingxuan capsule attenuates hypoxia-induced bEnd .3 cell damage by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis .

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis is a common chronic inflammation of joints caused by degenerative changes of articular cartilage.More and more studies have shown that mechanical stress is closely related to the development of osteoarthritis.The Hippo pathway is not only involved in the development of tissue cells,but also an effecting factor of mechanical stress,which is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and cartilage metabolism. OBJECTIVE:Regulation of the Hippo pathway may become one of the new targets for intervention in osteoarthritis.Therefore,this paper reviewed the research on the effect of mechanical stress regulation of the Hippo pathway on osteoarthritis to provide ideas for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,VIP,and WanFang databases were used for a literature search for articles published from inception to 2023 concerning the influence of mechanical stress on osteoarthritis and mechanical stress,Hippo pathway,and osteoarthritis.A total of 75 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Different mechanical stresses may play different roles in cell proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation,osteoarthritis inflammation,and vascular homeostasis in osteoarthritis.(2)Hard extracellular matrix,low cell density,medium shear force,medium tensile force,and compression force can achieve cell proliferation,osteogenic differentiation,and vascular homeostasis,and inhibit inflammatory response by activating YAP/TAZ.(3)Soft extracellular matrix,high cell density,excessive shear force,excessive tensile force,and compressive force inhibit cell proliferation,enhance cartilage differentiation,disrupt vascular homeostasis,and promote inflammation through inactivation of YAP/TAZ,thus promoting the process of osteoarthritis.

Bone homeostasis is based on the dynamic balance of bone formation and bone resorption. An imbalance in bone homeostasis is a major contributor to many skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis. Changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) are supposed to have a significant impact on bone homeostasis and are closely correlated with changes in bone mass and bone microarchitecture. The "gut-immune" axis, which is formed by the interaction between the host intestinal immune system and GM, is essential for maintaining bone homeostasis, as well as regulating the body's immunological response and maintaining immune homeostasis throughout the intestine and body. The article reviews recent advances in the study of GM, the immune system, and their synergistic impact on bone homeostasis.
Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Immune System ; Bone Density ; Homeostasis

Osteoporosis （OP） is a skeletal metabolic disease characterized by bone loss and destruction of bone microstructure. Changes in estrogen levels are not the only pathogenic factors for the occurrence and development of OP. MicroRNA （miRNA） plays an important regulatory role in cells. The complementary sequences of miRNA and targeted mRNA combine to inhibit the expression of targeted mRNA through post-transcriptional regulation， forming a complex regulatory network. Research suggests that miRNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases， including inflammatory diseases， metabolic diseases， and cancer. Targeted mRNA participates in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in OP， mainly regulating the balance among bone construction， bone resorption， and osteoblast differentiation. Therefore， miRNA-based gene therapy is a rapidly developing disease treatment strategy. Traditional Chinese medicine can improve bone metabolism by intervening in miRNA differential expression to target and regulate osteogenic/osteoclast differentiation. This article summarized the targeting effects of miRNAs in physiological and developmental processes such as bone cell proliferation， differentiation， survival， and apoptosis， reviewed and classified their mechanisms of action and targets， and sorted out the current treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating OP and drugs that exert bone protective functions through miRNAs. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference and research guidance for future research on OP treatment by regulating miRNA.

【Objective】 To analyze the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and bone metabolism, identify the current research hotspots and difficulties, and provide research ideas and directions for the clinical prevention and treatment of bone metabolism related diseases. 【Methods】 Based on the Citespace literature visualization analysis software, the co-occurrence and cluster analysis of keywords and other information of the included 394 literatures were performed, and the visual map was drawn. 【Results】 Among the included literatures, the keywords such as inflammatory bowel disease, T cells, dendritic cells, short-chain fatty acids, and chronic kidney disease appeared with high frequency. The cluster of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, metabolic osteoarthritis, dendritic cells, and signaling pathway was the current research hotspot. Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in published articles in this field, with the United States as the leading origin. 【Conclusion】 The mechanism by which gut microbiota interferes with the immune system and regulates bone metabolism to maintain bone homeostasis is still the core of current research.