OBJECTIVETo determine the antimicrobial effects of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc (CMC-Zn(+)) and CMC-Zn(+)-peptide (CMC-Zn(+)-P) on four kinds of periodontal pathogens.

METHODSDilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CMC-Zn(+) for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Actinobacillusactinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Actinomyces viscosus (Av). The antimicrobial characters of CMC-Zn(+) and CMC-Zn(+)-P on these four kinds of pathogens were evaluated by disk diffusion method.

RESULTSThe MIC of CMC-Zn(+) for Pg, Aa, Pi and Av was 0.312 5%, 0.156 25%, 0.156 25% and 0.078 125% respectively. Significant antimicrobial effects were improved along with the increased concentration of CMC-Zn(+) and CMC-Zn(+)-P (P < 0.01), while the best antimicrobial concentrations of both CMC-Zn(+) and CMC-Zn(+)-P were 5%. The antimicrobial effect of CMC-Zn(+)-P was better than that of CMC-Zn(+) on the same kind of periodontal pathogen (P < 0.01). CMC-Zn(+)-P showed different antimicrobial effects on the four periodontal pathogens (Av > Aa > Pi or Av > Aa > Pg, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCMC-Zn(+) and CMC-Zn(+)-P have inhibition effect on Pg, Aa, Pi and Av, and the best antibacterial concentration was 5%. The CMC-Zn(+)-P has better antibacterial effect than CMC-Zn(+) on Pg, Aa, Pi and Av.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; drug effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; drug effects ; Prevotella intermedia ; drug effects ; Zinc

Critical illness often leads to acute pain and mental illness in ICU patients after leaving hospital, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, medical staff should evaluate the psychological distress of ICU patients during hospitalization. In this study, we reviewed the developed acute psychological distress assessment tools for ICU patients, refined the main content, application scope and application status of screening tools, and analyzed their respective characteristics and shortcomings. The objective is to provide empirical reference for the development of acute psychological distress assessment tools for ICU patients in China and the development of scientific, reasonable and targeted interventions for medical staff in the future.

The sacrum is a common site of stress injury. The occurrence of pressure ulcers not only leads to the aggravation of the patient′s condition, the prolongation of hospital stay, the increase of medical costs, the decline of life quality, but also aggravates the burden of society, family and medical staff. Early reasonable and effective application of sacral dressing can prevent the occurrence of pressure injury. In this study, the characteristics and effectiveness of different types of sacral dressings were reviewed by reviewing relevant literatures at home and abroad and summarizing the existing relevant studies, so as to provide guidance for clinical application.