1 were also high in DDDs(i.e.high dosage).CONCLUSION: The patients undergoing uterine-incision delivery had a high proportion in using antimicrobial drugs yet the choice of drug kinds was reasonable.However,great attention should be paid to the high dosage of some of the antimicrobial drugs.

As inhibitors of osteoclasts, Bisphosphonates are a group of drugs used in the treatment of oncology patients with bone metastases. However, some reports have described osteonecrosis of the jaws occurring after taking drugs containing bisphosphonates. The advances in clinical manifestation, imaging findings as well as the mechanisms of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws were reviewed in this article.

Objective To compare the value on assessment of perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) using Gd-DTPA and the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles (Resovist) in the experimental model of hyperacute cerebral infarction in rats. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into Group A and B (each n=15). After occluding the left middle cerebral artery with thread for 1 h in all rats, two dynamic MR perfusion imaging series were acquired after intravenous bolus injections of 8 μmol Fe/kg SPIO (Group A) and 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (Group B), respectively. The doses were chosen to obtain similar maximum signal change in normally perfused brain. The perfusion imaging was compared between the region of interest (ROI) in the core area with severe ischemia and in the penumbra area of moderate ischemia. The parameters were compared between two groups with pathologic findings and TTC stain. Results The first-passage profiles were found to be similar for Gd-DTPA and SPIO, both in the core area with severe ischemia and in the penumbra area of moderate ischemia of rats models. No statistical difference of the parameters (CBV, MTT, TTP) of PWI for ischemic penumbra was detected between Group A and B. Conclusion The efficacy of the Resovist using in the MR PWI is similar to Gd-DTPA for diagnosis of the perfusion reduction in the rat stroke models. Strong susceptibility effects may be achieved with small injection volumes. Resovist may play an important role in MR PWI.

Objective To assess the enhancement feature of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel supplying the territory of infarction by using high-resolution MR imaging.To analyze the correlation between the degree of plaque enhancement , time elapsed and the concentration of hypersensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ).Methods The characteristics of vessel walls and intracranial vascular stenoses were retrospectively analyzed in 81 patients with ischemic strokes.All subjects were imaged with a traditional stroke MR protocol and HR-MRI scanning for plaque on a 3.0 T MRI scanner.According to the elapsed time between infarct and MR examination , all cases were classified into early stage (<4 weeks from acute stroke, n=58), middle stage (4-12 weeks, n=13) and late stage ( >12 weeks, n=10).The characteristics of vessel walls and degrees of enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques were assessed and the concentrations of hs-CRP in all patients were determined.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the degree of enhancement and hs-CRP concentration among the early , middle and late stage.The concentration of hs-CRP was presented as median ( interquartile range ).The Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between elapsed time , hs-CRP concentration and degree of enhancement.Results Fifty-five (55/81) plaques were located at the M1 segments, and the other 26 (26/81) plaques were at the basilar artery.The degree and presence of enhancement from strong to none were 29, 25 and 4 in the early stage;4, 6 and 3 in the middle stage and 0, 4, 6 in the late stage, respectively.The degree and presence of enhancement were significantly different among them (H=16.934,P<0.01).There was a remarkable trend of decreasing degree and presence of enhancement of the atherosclerotic plaque relative to increasing time after the ischemic event(r=-0.792,P<0.01).The serum hs-CRP concentration for early, middle and late stage were 7.0(3.0, 13.0), 2.27(1.0, 3.03) and 1.88(0.50, 4.0)mg/L (H=14.345,P<0.01) , respectively.There was a trend of decreasing hs-CRP concentration relative to the time elapsed ( r =-0.357,P<0.01).The degrees of enhancement of the plaques were parallel to the levels of hs -CRP( r=0.526,P<0.01).Conclusions Enhanced HR-MRI scanning may clearly demonstrate the enhancement characteristics of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques as an indicator of inflammation.It might play an important role to detect risk factors for intracranial plaque rupture and subsequent acute ischemic stroke .

Sirtuin2(SIRT2)is an NAD+dependent histone deacetylase that plays a key role in maintaining cellular REDOX potential and modulating pro-inflammatory immune responses.How-ever,its role in acute kidney injury(AKI)has not been proven.To explore the role of SIRT2 in AKI,AKI models were constructed in wild-type(WT)and SIRT2 knockout(SIRT2-/-)mice by injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).HE results showed that kidney damage in SIRT2-/-mice was more significant than that in LPS treated WT mice.qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that more significant changes in inflammatory genes,proteins and oxidative stress proteins in SIRT2-/-mice.The results suggest that SIRT2 deficiency exacerbates LPS induced AKI.