Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is one of the most common benign liver tumors.It has no potential for malignant transformation and an extremely low rate of rupture or hemorrhage.However,its nature and pathogenesis are still controversial.Accurately diagnosing atypical lesions of FNH based on clinical presentation and radiographic studies are still difficult.This review aims to analyze current literature of FNH and to discuss the new progress of pathologically and clinically relevant advice regarding diagnosis and management.

A male patient of 71 years old was admitted due to repeated hoarseness for two years which got worse accompanied with dyspnea so that to receive tracheotomy in another hospital more than one month ago. The two vocal cord biopsies carried out in the other hospital before showed vocal keratosis and squamous cell hyperplasia. Electronic laryngoscopy result showed normal epiglottis. a lot of saliva at hypopharynx, and rough arytenoid mucosa. The supraglottic area was remarkably swollen and the glottal area can not be observed clearly. The biopsy of throat was unable to conduct. Barium swallow examination revealed no obvious space-occupying lesion in piri form fossa or esophagus. Larynx CT scan showed a space-occupying lesion in the laryngeal cavity on the right side of the neck involving the thyroid cartilage. The patient was finally treated by total laryngectomy. cervical infected tissue resection. grafting transposition with pectoralis major flap and tracheostomy. The postoperative pathology showed laryngeal verrucous carcinoma.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Verrucous ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Male

Objective To study and analyze the clinical observation and nursing measures of prednisone acetate combined leflunomide in the treatment of IgA nephropathy.Methods 100 patients with IgA nephropathy treated in our hospital from February 2015 to September 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,with 50 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with prednisone and dropped to 0.5 mg/kg after 12 weeks.The patients in the experimental group were treated with leflunomide and dropped to 20 mg after 3 days.The patients in the experimental group and the control group were treated for 3 months.The two groups of patients were given reasonable nursing measures, and compared the treatment effect.Results The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 94.0％, significantly higher than that in the control group (64.0％),with statistical difference(P<0.05).After treatment,the level of 24 hours proteinuria in the experimental group was (0.541±0.322)g/L, significantly lower than that of the control group (1.516±0.568)g/L,with statistical difference (P<0.05) .The adverse reaction rate of the experimental group was 0％, and that of the control group was 8％,with statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Prednisone acetate combined leflunomide was effective in the treatment of IgA nephropathy, and can significantly improve the efficiency of treatment, and has clinical significance.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of quinolones resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and homology analysis a-mong the strains .Methods 25 strains of quinolones-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated clinically were collected .Kirby-Bauer(K-B) detection was utilized to detect the sensitivity of conventional drugs ,and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was em-ployed to detect quinolone resistance-related genes gyrA and parC which were verified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequen-cing ,repetitive extragenic palindrome(REP)-PCR was adopted to analyze the strain homology .Results Multiple resistances to 12 kinds of antibacterial agents were found among the 25 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii which were sensitive only to minocycline and amikacin ,with sensitive rates were 48 .0% and 32 .0% ,respectively ,and were all sensitive to polymyxin B [minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)≤2 μg/mL] .gyrA and parC genes were found in the all strain .Mutation TCA→TTA(Ser→Leu) at coden 83 in gyrA gene existed in 25 strains ,mutation TCG→TTG(Ser→Leu) at coden 80 in parC gene existed in 23 strains ,mutation GAA→GGA(Glu→Gly) at coden 84 in parC gene existed in 2 strains .REP-PCR showed that the strains had high degree of homology . Conclusion Quinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has high degree of homology ,existing gyrA and parC gene mutations .

BACKGROUND:The auditory ossicle chain reconstruction is stil an important method to treat conductive deafness. Although a great variety of materials have been applied, the blood supply of otosteon after the implantation is ignored. Moreover, there is no real bone formed.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial growth factor and col agen I modifiedβ-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold which is implanted into the otocyst of guinea pig.
METHODS:Total y 60 guinea pigs were randomly divided into experimental group (vascular endothelial growth factor and col agen I modifiedβ-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold), col agen I control group (col agen I modifiedβ-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold) and blank control group (β-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold). The guinea pigs were executed under anesthesia at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively. The surface of scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The angiogenesis of scaffolds were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and CD34 immunohistochemistry staining, and then the microvascular density was counted. The osteogenesis of the scaffolds was observed by toluidine blue staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endothelial cel proliferation and lumen formation could be observed after 1 week in the experimental group, and the angiogenesis reach the peak after 3 weeks with traffic branches formedbetween micropores. In the other two groups, the lumen formed at 2 weeks but no traffic branches were visible. The sprouting of new blood vessels in the pores were observed more in the experimental group than the other two groups (P<0.05). The adherence and proliferation of cel s could be examined in the surface and pores of the scaffold by scanning electron microscope. After 4 weeks, the osteogenesis could be observed by toluidine blue staining, especial y in the experimental group. These findings suggest that the vascular endothelial growth factor and col agen I modifiedβ-tricalcium phosphate porous scaffold can realize an effective vascularization in the environment of guinea pigs’ middle ear. What’s more, the scaffold also can promote bone formation.

Objective To investigate the spontaneons recovery of calculation and number processing in patients with stroke.Methods Assessment of calculation and number processing were performed in 30 stroke patients with stable conditions (21 cerebral infarction and 9 cerebral hemorrhage) within 3 weeks after stroke,and they were followed up for one year.Calculation and number processing was assessed using the Revised EC301 Calculation and Number Processing Battery in Chinese version at 3,6,and 12 months after stroke onset.Results The scores in the areas of numerical sequences,numerical understanding,numerical transcoding,numerical calculation,numerical knowledge and the total scores increased significantly with the passage of time (all P ＜0.001).There were significant differences between each area and total scores at 3,6,and 12 months after stroke and those at 3 weeks (all P ＜0.01),however,there were no significant differences among the three time points.The total scores and the scores in each area increased significantly with the passage of time in the cerebral infarction group and the hemorrhage group (all P ＜0.001),however,there were no significant differences in each area at the same time point between the two groups.There was significant difference in the recovery of the total scores between the cerebral hemorrhage group and the cerebral infarction group (P =0.008).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the recovery of the calculation and number processing in all patients (R =0.452,P =0.012) as well as in the cerebral infarction group (R =0.683,P=0.001) and the cerebral hemorrhage group (R =0.250,P =0.049) within one year showed a significant positive correlation with the total score of the first assessment.Conclusions The impaired calculation and number processing may partly spontaneously recover after stoke,and it shows significant improvement within 3 months after onset.The recovery in patients with cerebral hemorrhage may be better than that in those with cerebral infarction.The more serious the impairment in initial calculation and number processing,the worse the spontaneous recovery will be.

Objective To investigate the influence of double-effect activation of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway on the liver injury and inflammatory response in obstructive jaundice rats by applying cholinesterase inhibitor and cholinergic M receptor blocker to activate alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.Methods 22 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups:sham operation (SO) group (n=6),bile duct ligation (BDL) induced obstructive jaundice with (BDL treatment group) or without treatment (BDL control group) (n=8 each).The medicine treatment group was given anisodamine (25 mg/kg) and neostigmine (25 μg/kg) daily via intraperitoneal injection after surgery,the control group was given equal amount of normal saline.The body weights of rats in each group were measured every other day.After 12 days,the rats were killed,and the pathological changes of liver injury,liver function and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and liver tissue were observed.Results The body weight of BDL rats was significantly lower than the SO group rats,and the growth rate of BDL treatment group rats was the same as the rats in BDL control group 3 days after the starting of treatment.The AST,ALT,bilirubin and gamma-GT levels of BDL control and treatment groups were significantly higher than the SO group (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between BDL control and treatment groups.The serum albumin level of BDL treatment group was obviously higher than that of BDL control group,but the pathological liver injury was significantly slighter.The gene expression levels of TNF-alpha,IL-1 beta and IL-6 in the liver tissue were significantly higher in BDL groups than SO group (P＜0.05),but BDL treatment group was significantly lower than BDL control group (P＜0.05).In addition the serum TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta concentrations of BDL treatment group and control group were significantly higher than the SO group (P＜0.05),but the BDL treatment group was obviously lower than that BDL control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The combine application of cholinesterase inhibitor and cholinergic M receptor blocker to activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can significantly inhibit the obstructive jaundice induced proinflammatory gene expression and liver injury.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of prostate cancer in China. Methods The population-based cancer registration data between year 1988 and 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China. The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1, and the incidence of bladder cancer among 3 different periods (1988-1992, 1993-1997 and 1998-2002) were compared. Results The inci-dence of prostate cancer was 1.96, 3.09, 4. 36 per 100 000 during 1998-1992, 1993-1997 and 1998-2002, respectively. The up-trend of prostate cancer incidence was statistically significant, how-ever it is still lower in China compared with other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusions The incidence of prostate cancer in China showed a significant upward trend year by year, and prostate cancer might be one of major cancer in China. We should pay attention to it.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of bladder cancer in China.Methods The population-based cancer registration data from 1988 to 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China.The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1,and the incidence of bladder cancer among 3 different periods(1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002)were compared. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 8.22,9.45 and 9.68 per 100,000 during 1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002,respectively.The up-trend of bladder cancer incidence was statistically significant,however it was still lower in China compared with other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusions Bladder cancer is the most common cancer in malignant neoplasm of male genitalurinary system in China.The incidence of bladder cancer in China showed an upward trend in the past 15 years and more attention is needed.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of malignant neoplasm of kidney and other urological malignancies in China. Methods The population-based cancer registration data between 1988 and 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China.The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1.The incidences of kidney cancer among 3 different periods(1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002)were compared. Results The incidence of renal cancer and other urological malignancies was 4.26 ,5.40,6.63 per 100 000 population during 1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002,respectively.The up-trend of kidney cancer incidence was statistically significant;however it was still lower in China than other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusion The incidence of kidney cancer in China showed an upward trend in the past 15 years and more attention is needed.