Objective To evaluate skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as healthy children from two communities in Shanghai and to assess the relationship between skin barrier function and AD severity.Methods Totally,169 children with AD and 142 healthy children aged 3-12 years were recruited from two communities (Changning Xining community and Jiading Juyuan community) in Shanghai,China.Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration were measured in normal appearing nonlesional skin at four body sites (dorsal and volar forearm,cheek and anterior shin) of the patients,as well as in normal skin at the same sites of the controls.AD severity was evaluated by using the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index.Results Compared with the healthy children,the patients with AD showed higher TEWL value at all of the four body sites (all P ＜ 0.05),but lower water content in stratum corneum at dorsal forearm and anterior shin (both P ＜ 0.05).In patients with AD,the SCORAD index was positively correlated with mean TEWL value,but negatively correlated with the mean water content in stratum corneum.Conclusion Skin barrier function may serve as an index for evaluating the severity of AD.

Objective To prepare naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray and evaluate the ciliotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of the formulation. Methods The stability of naloxone hydrochloride was studied in pH3.5-5.5. Penetration promoting effects of absorp-tion enhancers on the naloxone hydrochloride were evaluated. Nasal ciliotoxicity studies were carried out using isolated toad palate. Rats were treated with naloxone hydrochloride solution by intramuscular injection of nasal drops to evaluate the pharmacokinetics. Results Naloxone hydrochloride solution was stable in pH3.5-5.5. Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(0.2%,W/V)had the best penetration promoting effect on naloxone hydrochloride. Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray did not exhibit obvious nasal ciliotox-icity compared to the negative control. The nasal spray had a faster therapeutic effect and its bioavailability was similar to that of the in-tramuscular injection. Conclusion Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray prepared in this research is stable with no obvious nasal cilio-toxicity,has faster therapeutic effect,and good bioavailability,so may have a broad application prospect.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and map the putative tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 5 involved in tumor progress or metastasis.

METHODSChromosome 5 of 83 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer was systemically screened. Fifteen microsatellite marker primers labeled with 3 different fluorescents were used to amplify the corresponding loci of the genome DNA. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 377 PRISM sequencer and the fluorescent signals were analyzed with Genotyper and Genescan software.

RESULTSThe highest loss of heterozygosity (LOH) ratio was found at D5S416 (48.15%) on 5p and at D5S471 (38.71%) on 5q. The region (5q13.3 - 31), where D5S471 and 3 neighboring loci (D5S428, D5S2027 and D5S2115) reside, presented high frequent LOH.

CONCLUSIONThe deletion of APC, MCC, CTNNA1 and IL cluster in the 5q 13.3 - 31.1 area play important role in the tumorogenesis of colorectal cancer, and the expected existence of another novel tumor suppressor gene on 5p is possible.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo detect putative suppressor loci involved in tumor progressing or metastases.

METHODSThirty microsatellite marker primers were employed to amply the corresponding loci of the genome DNA from 83 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 377 PRISM sequencer and the fluorescent signals were analyzed by Genotyper and Genescan software.

RESULTSThe data were obtained from 24 loci, with an average LOH frequency of 15.16%. The LOH at D2S206 and D2S364 was more frequent than 30%, and was less than 20% at the rest loci. Significant difference was observed between the percentage of LOH and tumor staging or differentiation at D2S142 (2q24.1), D2S126 (2q35), D2S2211 (2p24.2), D2S305 (2p23.3). Occarrence of deletion at the later two loci was correlative.

CONCLUSIONSFrequent LOH was not observed at the loci around known mismatch repair genes on chr. 2. The region between D2S305 (2p23.3) and D2S2211 (2p24.2) deleted holistically, and was correlated to the stage and differentiation of tumor attended by D2S142 (2q24.1) and D2S126 (2q35) on 2q. It is suggested that unknown genes associated with tumor progressing or metastases reside in the two loci on 2q or the region on 2p.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Objective To report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis with cutaneous manifestations and osteomyelitis. Methods and Results A 33 year old female was admitted due to multiple nodules and ulcers on the upper arms, shoulders, buttocks and thighs for one year. The patient was pregnant when admitted, and gave birth to a premature baby during her illness. The nodules increased half a month after delivery, which was suspected to be hematogenously disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti tuberculous therapy for three months but failed. Physical examination showed there were 39 nodules or ulcers on the face, gum, trunk, buttocks and extre mities. The bone structure of the left tibia and fibula destroyed and a sinus developed on the left fibula. Microbiologic examination showed that lots of spores were seen in the smear of pus and necrotic tissues, which produced yeast like colonies in culture with positive urease and caffeic acid test. Cryptococcus neoformans, serotype A was identified by API yeast reaction band and serology. Inoculation with mice and rats showed that their brains, lungs and livers were involved easily. Further identification as C.neoformans var.neoformans was obtained based on sequence analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2. The anti tuberculous therapy was stopped and anti fungal therapy was initiated at once. Intravenous and topical amphotericin B in combination with fluconazole were chosen in the initial therapy and itraconazole for maintenance. The nodules disappeared after 30 days and the last ulcer in the left tibia healed completely after 200 days. The anti fungal therapy was discontinued after 277 days and the patient was completely cured.

Objective The registration data of local cancer registries from 2008 to 2012 were collected by National Central Cancer Registry to estimate the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in China. Methods Data from 135 registries were qualified and selected in the final analysis, and each registry at least has submitted data from 2010 to 2012.Cancer incidence and mortality analyses were stratified by area ( urban／rural, eastern／middle／western areas ) and age group. The age composition of standard population of Chinese census in 2000 and Segi′s population were used for age?standardized incidence and mortality in China and worldwide, respectively. Results A total of 135 registries were recruited in the analysis, covering 629 333 910 person?years (382 669 450 in urban and 246 664 460 in rural). About 13, 258 cases of female breast cancer were diagnosed and 32 205 cases were dead between 2008 and 2012. Female breast cancer incidence was 42.67／100, 000 and age?standardized rate calculated by worldwide standard population was 28.87／100,000.The crude incidence of urban area was 51.85／100,000, higher than 28.29／100,000 of rural area, and the crude incidence of eastern area was 46.35／100,000, higher than 36.38／100,000 of middle area and 27.60／100,000 of western area. The age?specific incidence increased with age and reached the peak at age 55?59 ( 96.36／100, 000 ), and declined at age 60. The age?standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population increased 30.56% from 2003 to 2012. The increase rate of rural area was 72.32%, faster than 23.48% of urban area. Female breast cancer mortality was 10.36／100,000 and the age?standardized rate calculated by worldwide standard population was 6.61／100,000. The crude mortality of urban area was 11.64／100,000, higher than 8.36／100,000 of rural area, and the crude mortality of eastern area was 10.81／100,000, higher than 7.38／100,000 of middle area and 9.90／100,000 of western area. The age?specific incidence increased with age and reached the peak at age above 85 ( 61.25／100, 000). Age?standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population remained stable during the period of 2003?2012 (6.23%). The mortality rate mainly increased in rural area (54.94%), while decreased 2.32% in urban area over the 10 years. Conclusions Although the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China are comparatively low worldwide, in China the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer have rose to the first and sixth place respectively among all the female cancers. The disease burden of breast cancer is very different between urban and rural area. Therefore, the targeted measure and strategy of control and prevention according to the area difference are needed.

Objective The registration data of local cancer registries from 2008 to 2012 were collected by National Central Cancer Registry to estimate the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in China. Methods Data from 135 registries were qualified and selected in the final analysis, and each registry at least has submitted data from 2010 to 2012.Cancer incidence and mortality analyses were stratified by area ( urban／rural, eastern／middle／western areas ) and age group. The age composition of standard population of Chinese census in 2000 and Segi′s population were used for age?standardized incidence and mortality in China and worldwide, respectively. Results A total of 135 registries were recruited in the analysis, covering 629 333 910 person?years (382 669 450 in urban and 246 664 460 in rural). About 13, 258 cases of female breast cancer were diagnosed and 32 205 cases were dead between 2008 and 2012. Female breast cancer incidence was 42.67／100, 000 and age?standardized rate calculated by worldwide standard population was 28.87／100,000.The crude incidence of urban area was 51.85／100,000, higher than 28.29／100,000 of rural area, and the crude incidence of eastern area was 46.35／100,000, higher than 36.38／100,000 of middle area and 27.60／100,000 of western area. The age?specific incidence increased with age and reached the peak at age 55?59 ( 96.36／100, 000 ), and declined at age 60. The age?standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population increased 30.56% from 2003 to 2012. The increase rate of rural area was 72.32%, faster than 23.48% of urban area. Female breast cancer mortality was 10.36／100,000 and the age?standardized rate calculated by worldwide standard population was 6.61／100,000. The crude mortality of urban area was 11.64／100,000, higher than 8.36／100,000 of rural area, and the crude mortality of eastern area was 10.81／100,000, higher than 7.38／100,000 of middle area and 9.90／100,000 of western area. The age?specific incidence increased with age and reached the peak at age above 85 ( 61.25／100, 000). Age?standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population remained stable during the period of 2003?2012 (6.23%). The mortality rate mainly increased in rural area (54.94%), while decreased 2.32% in urban area over the 10 years. Conclusions Although the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China are comparatively low worldwide, in China the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer have rose to the first and sixth place respectively among all the female cancers. The disease burden of breast cancer is very different between urban and rural area. Therefore, the targeted measure and strategy of control and prevention according to the area difference are needed.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 20 in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer to identify additional loci involved in colorectal tumorigenesis.

METHODSPolymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 colorectal cancer patients' tumor and normal DNA by PCR. PCR products were electrophoresed on an 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 2.1 and Genotype 2.1 software were used in the LOH scanning and analysis. Comparisons between LOH frequency and clinicopathological data were performed by chi(2) test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTSThe average LOH frequency in the long arm, short arm and whole chromosome 20 was 21.1%, 26.7% and 22.8%, respectively. Chromosome 20 exhibited relatively high LOH frequency, particularly in the regions of 20p and 20q11.1-q13.1.

CONCLUSIONThere is notable genetic instability on chromosome 20 in sporadic colorectal carcinoma patients; that is, mutation on chromosome 20 is closely associated with sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis. Also, there may be tumor suppressor genes related to sporadic colorectal carcinoma near the region 20q11.1-q13.1.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. An increasing trend for prostate cancer incidence was observed in China. Enormous studies have been conducted to investigate the association between dietary factors and prostate cancer, however conflicted results were obtained. Red meat, processed meat, and dairy products consumption were reported to be associated with the increased prostate cancer risk, while tomatoes, soybeans and green tea might reduce the risk of prostate cancer occurance. However, no consensus could be reached without strong evidence. Furthermore, further studies are needed to investigate the association between vitamin and mineral supplements and prostate cancer risk. Some studies reported that men with higher dietary inflammatory index scores increased prostate cancer risk. There may be a long susceptible period when dietary factors affect prostate cancer risk, which poses challenges for collecting exposure and the follow-up. Measure bias and detection bias are the main reasons which impair the authenticity of studies on the relationship of dietary factors and prostate cancer risk. Researchers should apply various methods to measure participants′ dietary consumption levels and ascertain essential outcomes, such as prostate cancer death. This article reviews updated epidemiological evidences on the association of dietary factors and prostate cancer, aims to benefit future nutritional epidemiology studies focus on the prostate cancer prevention.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.