BACKGROUND: Acupuncture in Chinese traditional medicine improves capacity of brain on resisting injury and accelerates injury repair in treatment of ischemic brain injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expressions of cerebral nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase after simultaneous stimulation with electroacupuncture on Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) so as to probe into the protection of electroacupuncture on hypoxia-ischemia brain injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Life Science in Zhengzhou Normal High Training School.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Human Anatomy Department of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, in which, 50 cleangrade neonatal Wistar rats of 7 days old were employed and randomized into sham-operation group (10 rats), model control (20 rats) and electroacupuncture group (20 rats). Hypoxia cabin was self-made with constant pressure, 40 cm ×50 cm×60 cm in size, with two small holes of 2 cm ×2 cm for each to connect with the external. Soda lime was used to absorb moisture and CO2 in the cabin.The model was not prepared in sham-operation group. In model control and electroacupuncture group, hypoxia-ischemia model was set up. After modeling, the rats in two groups were recovered for 1 to 4 hours at room temperature; afterwards, hypoxia management was performed. The rats were placed in hypoxia cabin with constant pressure at constant temperature of 37 ℃, inputting O2 8 mL/L and mixed gas 920 mL/L, 1.5 L/minute; 2hours later, the rats were returned back to female rats for lactation continuously. In electroacupuncture group, on the 2nd day after modeling, a filiform needle of one cun was used to insert Baihui (GV 20) (midpoint of parietal bone) subcutaneously and Dazhui (GV 14) (between C7 and T1, on the midline of back). Electric stimulation was done simultaneously on two points with continuous wave, 16 Hz in frequency, 10V in intensity, retaining for 10 minutes, once per day, 10 days made 1 course, totally two courses at interval of 2 days. In model control, no any treatment was given group, 22 days after hypoxia and ischemia, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed and brain tissue on the left side was collected to prepare paraffin slices. Immune positive cell was counted on slices of each group under optic microscope. For evaluation on the function of brain nerve cell, hippocampus was selected to count the positive cells of choline acetyltransferase. On each brain slice, 5 visual fields were randomized to calculate the average of positive cells. For evaluation on injury repair of nerve tissue, cortex and hippocampus were selected to count positive cells of cerebral NGF. The method was same as the above.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immune positive cell expressions of choline acetyltransferase and cerebral NGF in brain tissue after electric stimulation in neonatal rats.ferase in brain hippocampus: Compared with sham-operation group, that in model control was lower remarkably, but, there was no obvious change in electroacupuncture group [(24.46±8.24), (13.96±7.62), (25.54±5.05) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05, P ＞ 0.05]; that in electroacupuncture group was of cerebral NGF in cerebral cortex and hippocampus: Compared with sham-operation group, that in both model control and electroacupuncture was increased remarkably [(14.14±6.11), (24.49±8.31), (31.35±9.92) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05; (13.42±5.56), (21.93±5.12), (27.63±7.15) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05], of which, that in electroacupuncture group was higher than model control (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture stimulates central cholinergic nerve system into positive active state in hypoxia-ischemia animals, increases cerebral nerve growth factor in quantity and enhances nerve repair of hypoxia-ischemia animals.

A colony of mice with a unique trait of host resistance to tumorigenesis induced by transplantable cells has been established and studied by Cui Zheng et al.These spontaneous regression/complete resistance(SR/CR) mice possess a trait of resistance to a broad spectrum of tumors and can be transferred to cancer-sensitive mice,with an age-dependent spontaneous regression mediated mainly by innate leukocytes.This article reviews the discovery of the SR/CR mouse model and related study of its anti-cancer mechanism.

Objective To predict the disease burden of kidney cancer and to provide basic information for etiology and control planning.Methods We retrieved incidence data of kidney cancer from 18 urban cancer registries from National Central Cancer Registry during ten years period from 1998 to 2007.Ageperiod-cohort Bayesian model was applied for modeling to predict kidney cancer incidence in urban China in 2008-2015.Results Between 1998 and 2007,the incidence of kidney cancer in urban registration areas kept increasing dramatically.Incidence for male raised from 3.12/100 000 in 1998 to 5.36/100 000 in 2007 and from 1.66/100 000 to 2.67/100 000 for female.Different models showed that the increase was mainly caused by a cohort effect (P ＜ 0.001).The predicted incidence rate of kidney cancer for the year 2015 is 9.93 per 100 000 in male and 4.54 per 100 000 in female.The number of new cases will rise to 52 259 in 2015,including 36 616 men and 15 643 women.Conclusions The burden of kidney cancer in urban areas would increase due to the effect of age and cohort.Kidney cancer will become one of the main cancers threatening people's health in urban areas in China.Etiology research and planning of prevention and control for kidney cancer should be enhanced.

Objective To evaluate the effect of local resection for the tumor of Vater ampulla. Methods seventeen cases of Vater ampullary tumor were subjected to tumor local resection from November 1987 to December 1998, including 3 adenomas and 14 adenocarcinomas confirmed by pathology. Two methods of excision for the tumor were performed, including through duodenum to perform the tumor local resection in 16 cases, and through common bile duct in 1 case. Results Bile duct infection occurred in 3 cases. There was no death in this series. 12 of the 17 cases (70.6%) had been followed up for 4～61 months, median survival time was twelve months. In three benign cases ,one died with another disease 17 months postoperatively, two still alive well 38 and 7 months after operation respectively. In 14 malignancy, 9 cases (64.3%) had been followed up. Of the 9 cases, 6(66.7%) alived ≥ 12 months, 4 (44.4%) 24 months, two(22.2%) 60 months. Conclusions Local resection of the Vater ampulla tumor has advantages, such as small damage ,less bloodlass, quick recovery and less interference of the body, but it must be performed by rich experienced surgeons. It is suitable for patients with a small benign tumor, or in the high risk patients whose carcinoma showed no invasion or metastasis, and it also can be performed in patients such as those with atypical hyperplasia and suspious malignant tumor.

Objective To compare the effects among 1A29, CsA and their combined use on rejection after liver transplantation and hepatocellular apoptosis in rats. Methods The stable rat model of liver transplantation was established. Rats of the same strain were employed as the control group. The effects of 1A29, CsA and their combined use on rejection after liver transplantation were determined in both groups. Meanwhile, the hepatocellular apoptosis was recorded and evaluated. Results No rejection was found between the rats of the same strain (SDSD), while different levels of rejection was seen between the rats of different strains (WistarSD). Biochemical test showed a significant increase in levels of enzyme spectrum and bile in the blood. An apparent pathological change due to rejection was also observed. CsA of optimal dose (10mg/kg) effectively suppressed the rejection while 1A29 of optimal dose did not. When used alone, CsA of sub-optimal dose had no effect on rejection. On the contrary, the combined use of CsA of sub-optimal dose and 1A29 of optimal dose could significantly inhibit the rejection. There was a marked increase of the hepatocellular apoptosis in the liver graft rejected by the recipient. However, the level of hepatocellular apoptosis showed no remarkable change in the liver graft without rejection due to use of immunosuppressors. Conclusions Hepatocellular apoptosis is closely related to rejection of the liver graft. The apoptosis is not significantly correlated to application of 1A29. The use of 1A29 can result in significant decrease in dose of CsA. Using 1A29 alone can not effectively inhibit the rejection after liver transplantation.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in treatment of onychomycosis and its influence on nail growth speed. Methods: In a multicentre open study involving 15 medical units nationwide, patients with onychomycosis were treated with orally itraconazole pulse therapy. At each stage after treatment, the clinical efficacy,mycological efficacy, and side-effects of the therapy and the net growth length of normal nail deck were observed.Results: The therapy had a satisfactory efficacy and prolonged effect in treating onychomycosis for both affected fingers and toe nails. The therapy was effective for onychomycosis infected with dermatophyton, yeast or non-dermatophyton fungus and had a fungus-eliminating-rate of 97.86%. The average net growth length of normal nail deck in affected toe nails was slightly longer than that in finger nails on 6 months and 9 months after treatment.No severe side effects were found. Conclusion: Itraconazole pulse therapy is effective and safe for onychomychosis and can increase nail growth length,especially for toe nails.

3cm.

Objective To analyze the drug resistance and homology of Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) isolated from patients with explosive injury ,so as to explore the characteristics of drug resistance and prevalence of infection .Methods A total of 61 strains of AB isolated from clinical specimens of patients with explosive injury were collected .The antimicrobial susceptibility of these iso‐lates was detected by using K‐B test .All the strains were gene typed by using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis .Results The re‐sults of antimicrobial susceptibility test shown that the 61 isolates of Ab had high resistance rate ,and were multi‐drug resistant to common antibacterial agents ,except for tigecycline (the resistante rate was 11 .5% ) and minocycline (the resistante rate was 48 .0% ) .The 61 isolates of Ab were divided into 8 kinds of genotypes ,among which type A was the most prevalent one (25 strains) .Other genotypes were type B(10 strains) ,type C(6 strains) ,type D(4 strains) ,type E(8 strains) ,type F(3 strains) ,type G(4 strains) and type H(1 strain) .The isolates of Ab were with high homology .Conclusion Multi‐drug resistance is observed in strains of Ab isolates from patients with explosive injury .Clonal strains of AB may be disseminates among regions ,which indicates that high attention should be paid to these strains .

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of malignant neoplasm of kidney and other urological malignancies in China. Methods The population-based cancer registration data between 1988 and 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China.The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1.The incidences of kidney cancer among 3 different periods(1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002)were compared. Results The incidence of renal cancer and other urological malignancies was 4.26 ,5.40,6.63 per 100 000 population during 1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002,respectively.The up-trend of kidney cancer incidence was statistically significant;however it was still lower in China than other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusion The incidence of kidney cancer in China showed an upward trend in the past 15 years and more attention is needed.

Objective To investigate the status and trends of prostate cancer mortality in China.Methods Prostate cancer data between 1998 and 2008 from the National Cancer Registration Center were collected,including the mortality of prostate cancer,the cumulative probability of dying from prostate cancer of males aged 0-74,composition and age-specific mortality.Comparing and analysing the status and trends of the mortality between urban and rural men.Results In 2008,the mortality of prostate cancer of chinese men was 4.07/100 000,the world's population age-standardized mortality rate was 2.44/100 000.The mortality cumulative risk of males aged 0-74 was 0.18％,accounting for 1.78％ of the mortality of men's malignant tumors.The mortality of urban males was about 2.7 times of that in rural areas.The results of age-specific mortality showed that the mortality of chinese males over the age of 70 ranked lth in the males genitourinary tumor.The average annual growth rate during 1998-2008 was 8.44％.The growth mortality rate of urban men with prostate cancer was higher than in rural areas,it was 2.49/100 000 and 0.96/100 000,but the average annual growth rate was lower than rural males,it was 7.86％ and 8.28％.The proportion of high age group was increased significantly in the age composition of the mortality over time.Conclusions In recent years,the mortality of prostate cancer has showed a obvious growth trend in China.Prostate cancer impacts Chinese men's health seriously.