Objective To analyze the CT findings of benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLEL) of major salivary glands.Methods The CT findings of 11 cases with BLEL which were clinically and pathologically confirmed were analyzed.The relevant literatures were reviewed.All the patients received plain CT.Among them,5 patients had contrast CT as well.The location,number,shape,margin,density,and enhancement characteristics of the lesions were observed.Results Of 11 BLEL,8 lesions were located in the parotid gland,three in the submandibular gland.There were 7 cases with bilateral multiple lesions,and 4 cases with unilateral solitary lesion.BLEL of major salivary gland could be classified into three types according to the CT findings,including multinodular type,solitary mass type,and diffusely infiltrating type.Multinodular type was the most common type.The typical CT findings of the lesion included diffusely enlargement of bilateral parotids and (or) submandibular glands,heterogeneous increase of density of the parenchyma with multiple soft tissue density nodules,and multiple cystiform hypodense.On contrast-enhanced CT,the lesions mostly manifested as heterogeneous enhancement.The solid part of the nodules showed moderate or marked enhancement.However,the cystiform hypodense showed no enhancement.Conclusion Although the CT findings of BLEL of major salivary glands are variable,they still share some common characteristics,which are useful in the clinical diagnosis.

Objective To analyzes the CT manifestations of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Methods CT features of 11 patients with PLCH proved pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main findings in 11 PLCHs were cysts and nodules. Two cases only had cysts,and 1 only had nodules, which most had cavitations. The other 8 cases showed cysts and nodules with 4 cases mainly manifested with cysts and nine mainly manifested with nodules. Two cases had pulmonary interstitial changes. One case only had cysts in the left upper lung field and 10 cases had lesions not only in the upper and middle but in the lower lung field, which 2 cases had more lesions in the lower and costophrenic angle field and 8 cases had less lesions in the costo-phrenic angle field. Three of these 8 cases had more lesions in the superior lobe and apical segment of lower lobe. Conclusion CT manifestations of PLCH are helpful for the early diagnosis.

Objective:To provide scentific evidence for determining the harvest period of Cortex Abizziae by studying the dynamic variation of the content of lignan glycoside I in Cortex Abizziae.Methods:Chromatography was performed on a Boston Green ODS C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (18∶82),the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,the detection wavelength was 204 nm,and the column temperature was at 25℃.Results:There were differences in the contents of lignan glycoside I in Cortex Abizziae at different harvest periods.The content of lignan glycoside I reached the highest level in January,decreased quickly from January to March,and gradually increased from April to December.Conclusion:The content of lignan glycoside I in Cortex Abizziae at different harvest periods is different,and the optimum harvest time of Cortex Abizziae is determined from November to January of the following year.

Objective To study the influence of various doses and injection rates of contrast agent on CT perfusion in rabbits' liver with a deconvolution mathematical model. Methods Eight rabbits were enrolled in the experiment. Randomized block design was adopted. The treatment factor (contrast medium injection rate) was classified into 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ml/s, while the subjects were divided into 3 blocks with contrast medium injection dose of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/kg. The data obtained at CT perfusion imaging were then transferred to the workstation. Absolute values of 7 perfusion parameters (hepatic arterior fraction, blood flow, blood volume, permeability surface, mean transmit time, hepatic artery perfusion and portal vein perfusion) were measured with perfusion software (Perfusion 3). Results The dose of contrast medium had significant effect on peak enhancement of the aorta, the portal vein and liver tissue (P<0.05), whereas the injection rates had significant influence on the arrival time to peak enhancement of the aorta and the portal vein. However, the dose of contrast medium and injection rates had no significant effect on perfusion parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion CT perfusion imaging with a deconvolution mathematical model can quantify the hemodynamic functional status in liver with stable results. This technique does not need strict confinement to dose and injection rate of contrast medium, and has great potential value to be put into clinical use.

Objective To analyze the clinical and CT manifestations of lung involvement of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Methods The clinical manifestations,laboratory ANCA examinations and CT features of 16 patients with lung involvement of MPA were retrospectively reviewed. Results (1) Clinical manifestations: 11 cases had hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Eight cases, who first presented with lung symptoms, were misdiagnosed with other lung diseases. All cases had mulfiorgans injuries involved kidney, cardiovascular and endocrine system, etc. (2) Laboratory examinations: all cases were pANCA positive and 14 cases were MPO-ANCA positive. (3) CT examinations: all cases had interstitial changes, 15 cases were interstitial predominately and 1 case was parenchymal predominately. Eight cases had pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and 11 cases had consolidation and 6 of them had both interstitial and consolidation. Two case had accompanied multiple nodulesand one of them had multiple cavitates. Six cases had mediastinal lymphoadenopathy. Conclusions Most of MPA patients have clinical manifestations of hemoptysis and bloody sputum, the CT examination show interstitial lung disease. Middle or advanced age population presented with above-mentioned manifestations should be alert to MPA, whether or not they have kidney and other organs injury.

Objective In order to investigate the synaptic plasticity in dentate gyrus after seizures and axonal and dendrtic sprout- ing induced by KA administration. Methods The density of synapses, the curvature forms of synaptic interface were studied under electron microscope. Results 1 .The density of the synapse is decreased obviously 3 days after KA injection, while the density of synapses is increased to control level 7 days after KA injection. 2. Compare with the curvation forms of synaptic interface of control animals and 3days after KA administration animals, the amount of smile synapses is significantly decresed and the amount of frown synapses is significantly increased in the moleculous layer of dentate gyrus 7 days after KA injection. Conclusions 1 .This result demonstrates that the axonal and dendritic sprouting of dentate granule cells is functional. 2. The increase of frown synapse is related to the release of glutamate of sprouting mossy fibers.

Aorta ; abnormalities ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Heart Ventricles ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Male

Objective :To study influence of valsartan combined hydrochlorothiazide on 24h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,24h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with hypertension .Meth—ods : A total of 94 hypertensive patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into valsartan group and combined treatment group (received valsartan combined hydrochlorothiazide ) ,both groups were treated for one month .The 24hDBP ,24hSBP ,BPV ,levels of nitric oxide (NO ) and endothelin (ET ) before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups .Results : Compared with valsartan group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in 24hSBP [ (130. 64 ± 10.01) mmHg vs .(121.53 ± 9.35) mmHg] ,24h DBP variability (24hDBPV) [ (12.47 ± 3.32)% vs.(10.82 ± 2.71)%] ,24hSBPV [ (10. 42 ± 2. 00)%vs.(8.51 ± 1. 64)%] and daytime SBPV [ (10.87 ± 2. 05)% vs.(8. 66 ± 1.65)%] , P＜0. 05 or ＜0.01 ;significant rise in NO level [ (42.92 ± 6.84) μmol／L vs.(53.43 ± 7. 16) μmol／L] and significant reduction in ET level [ (38. 62 ± 5.52) ng／L vs .(31. 01 ± 5. 01) ng／L] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 both .There were no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between two groups , P＞ 0.05 all.Conclusion : Valsartan combined hydrochlorothiazide can effectively improve levels of 24hDBP ,24hSBP and blood pressure variability ,and contrib— ute to regulating NO and ET levels in patients with hypertension .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of determining the chemical composition of kidney stones using gemstone spectral imaging ( GSI ).Methods One hundred and sixty eight extracted human kidney stones immersed in a 10 cm deep water tank underwent CT (Discovery CT750 HD) scans with GSI mode and conventional polychromatic imaging ( CPI,120 kVp) mode.All GSI data were transferred to Workstation AW 4.4 to acquire monochromatic images of 50 keY,effective atomic number (Zeff) mapping images,water (calcium)-based images and calcium (Water)-based images with GSI Viewer.CT numbers of stones were measured and compared at 50 keV monochromatic images and 120 kVp polychromatic images,the mean Zeff,calcium density and water density were measured at Zeff mapping images,Calcium (Water) -based images and Water (Calcium)-based images,respectively.The mean Zeff,spectral HU curve slope and calcium water ratio (CWR) were compared with ANOVA and Wilcoxon test.The composition of kidney stones was determined by infrared spectrometer after CT examination.According to the result of stone composition determined by infrared spectroscopy,108 pure kidney stones were divided into five groups:Uric acid stones ( UA,n = 13 ),struvite stones ( STR,n = 24),cystine stones ( CYS,n = 14),calcium phosphate stones ( CaP,n = 18),and calcium oxalate stones ( COX,n = 39).ResultsThe mean Zeff,CWR,the mean CT numbers at 50 keV images,120 kVp images and spectral HU curve slope of each group were listed as the following:UA [ 7.4 ± 0.4,0.0085 ± 0.0021,( 503 ± 168 ) HU,(495 ± 106 ) HU and - 0.77 ] ; STR [ 11.8 ± 0.9,0.1743 ± 0.0677,( 1056 ± 290 ) HU,( 799 ± 165 ) HU and 18.72 ] ; CYS [ 11.2 ± 0.6,0.1253 ± 0.0297,( 740 ± 172 ) HU,( 565 ± 129 ) HU and 12.79 ] ; CaP [ 16.0 ± 0.4,0.6781 ± 0.0952,( 2567 ±178 ) HU,( 1602 ± 200 ) HU and 37.14 ] ; COX [ 15.4 ± 0.4,0.5683 ± 0.0759,( 2267 ± 385 ) HU,( 1489 ±284) HU and 36.36 ],there were significant differences among groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The differences in the mean Zeff,CRW,spectral HU curve slope were statistically significant among the five groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Spectral CT imaging provides a new method to characterize the kidney stones with the information orovided by mean Zeff,CRW and the CT numbers at 50 keV.