BACKGROUND:Buccal multiloop appliance in the clinical treatment of Class III malocclusion has good results, but also exhibits some problems and deficiencies in the application process.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical problems and corresponding solutions of buccal multiloop appliance. METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases were performed for articles related to buccal multiloop appliance published from 2000 to 2013. The key words were buccal multiloop, Class III malocclusion, clinical application in Chinese and English.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with other appliances, the buccal multiloop appliance appears to have some unique advantages. The buccal multiloop appliance with the soft elastic role cannot only promote growth and development of the maxilary, but also inhibit the excessive growth of the maxilary and trigger
mandibular functional shift, thereby achieving crossbite correction. Therefore, the buccal multiloop appliance can have good achievements in the clinical crossbite correction of the deciduous and permanent teeth. For patients with Class III malocclusion, the buccal multiloop appliance also shows good results, and the corresponding
clinical problems and deficiencies appear to be resolved one by one accordingly. So the buccal multiloop appliance is highly efficient for crossbite correction.

AIM: To study protective effects of the extract from Toona sinensis seeds on gastric mucosal injury in experimental mice. METHODS: The mice were given 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg of Toona sinensis seeds every day for 2 weeks and ethanol or aspirin was used to induce gastric mucosa injury model. The gastric mucosal injury index and injury inhibition rate were calculated, the levels of SOD, MDA in serum and the contents of ET-1, PGE

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod for thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis. Methods: Between April 2013 and August 2016, 20 cases of thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis were treated with SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod. All the patients were females, aged 49-71 years (mean, 54.8 years). The disease duration was 6-28 months with an average of 14 months. The T value of bone density was -4.4 to -1.8 (mean, -2.8). The preoperative Cobb angle was (43.0±11.3)°. The vertebral compression fracture segment was T 12 in 9 cases, L 1 in 8 cases, and L 2 in 3 cases. Preoperative spinal cord function was evaluated by Frankel classification; there were 5 cases of grade D and 15 cases of grade E. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative complication were recorded. The Cobb angle for kyphosis and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were recorded beforeoperation, at 3 months after operation, and at last follow-up. Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate the effectiveness before operation and at last follow-up, and the evaluation indicators included pain degree, daily life self-care ability, extracting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social activities, and traveling. Results: The operation time was 180-314 minutes (mean, 226 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 390-1 800 mL (mean, 750 mL). All the incisions healed by first intension without incision infection. Twenty patients were followed up 24-52 months, with an average of 30.9 months. During the follow-up period, no significant complication such as correction loss, nail breakage, rod breakage, pseudoarthrosis formation, or proximal and distal junctional kyphosis occurred. All patients were able to walk upright after operation, and the pain relieved significantly at 6 months after operation. Bone fusion achieved at 12 months after operation. The Frankel grade of nerve function improved from grade D to grade E at last follow-up in 5 patients with nerve damage before operation. At last follow-up, the indicator scores of ODI significantly improved when compared with preoperative values ( P<0.05). Cobb angle significantly improved at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up ( P<0.05) when compared with preoperative one, but there was no significant difference in the Cobb angles between 3 months after operation and last follow-up ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in SVA between pre- and post-operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion: SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod for thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis is effective in achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes, as well as maintaining correction of kyphosis.

Objective: To investigate the changes and clinical significance of quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in normal uterus of women during different menstrual states. Methods: Totally 46 women with different menstrual states who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were divided into premenopausal phase (proliferative phase [n=16], secretory phase [n=16]) and postmenopausal phase (n=14) according to different menstrual states. The quantitative parameters (Ktrans, Kep and Ve) of endometrium, junctional zone and myometrium were measured. One-way ANOVA or rank sum test was used to compare the quantitative parameters with different uterus structures and menstrual states. Results: The Ktrans value and Kep value of endometrium between the same menstrual states were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were significant differences of Ktrans, Kep, in secretory phase, proliferative phase and postmenopausal phase, Kep in secretory phase and proliferative phase (P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of Ve in junctional zone between proliferative phase and postmenopausal phase (P<0.05). There were significant differences in Ktrans, Kep and Ve among endometrium, junctional zone and myometrium under the same menstrual state (all P<0.05). The Ktrans was statistically significant during the secretory phase (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Kep between the junctional zone and the myometrium except postmenopausal phase, and the Kep were statistically significant between the structures in different menstrual states (P<0.05). Conclusion: The changes of Ktrans, Kep and Ve in different menstrual states should be considered when using the quantitative parameters of dynamic enhanced MRI to evaluate uterine diseases.

AIM: To study the polymorphism distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) genes and their influence on serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentration. METHODS: A total of 148 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke from November 2020 to February 2021 in Yijishan Hospital of Wanan Medical College were selected for the study, and patients were typed for MTHFR 677C/T and MTRR 66A/G genes using fluorescent staining in situ hybridization technique. Serum Hcy concentrations were measured in 21 patients using a circulating enzyme assay. The distribution of MTHFR 677C/T and MTRR 66A/G gene polymorphisms were analyzed, and the differences in serum Hcy concentrations between patients with different genotypes were compared. RESULTS: The mutation rates of MTHFR 677C/T and MTRR 66A/G genes were 42.57% and 26.01%, respectively, and no significant differences in gene distribution frequencies were observed between men and women (P>0.05). The mean Hcy serum concentration was (16.04±4.34) μmol/L in 21 patients, including 8 patients (38.10%) with <15 μmol/L and 13 patients (61.90%) with ≥15 μmol/L. The Hcy serum concentrations in patients with different genotypes of MTHFR were TT (18.91±5.34) μmol/L, CT (14.38±1.84) μmol/L and CC (13.58±2.86) μmol/L, respectively, and were statistically different (P<0.001). Serum Hcy concentrations in patients with different genotypes of MTRR were not statistically different (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MTHFR gene polymorphisms can affect serum Hcy concentrations. The MTHFR genotyping can be considered for individualized folic acid supplement. This conclusion should be further verified by expanding the clinical sample size.

Rationale: Trichosporon, an anamorphic fungus, proliferates under high humidity, causing serious opportunistic infections collectively called trichosporonosis. Among the Trichosporon species causing trichosporonosis are Trichosporon (T.) asahii, T. asteroides, T. cutaneum etc. Patient concerns: A 38-year-old Chinese male with severe aplastic anemia was admitted due to multiple joints pain, poor appetite, and right ankle swelling. One year earlier he had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis: T. asahii infection and severe aplastic anemia. Interventions: Combined treatment of amphotericin B liposomes (55 mg/24 h) and voriconazole (200 mg/12 h) for 8 days. Outcomes: The symptoms of the patient's ankle were relieved and effusion cultures showed no T. asahii. Lessons: To the best of our knowledge, T. asahii ankle cavity effusion infections are rare. Trichosporon infections may be attributed to risk factors such as improper long-term use of antimicrobials for an underlying disease (e.g., anemia, hypoalbuminemia). Attention should be paid to prevent and control Trichosporon infections in order to avoid comorbidities.

Objective : To screen the target of helicid in the intervention of depression based on network pharmacol- ogy and molecular docking，and to study the effect of helicid on the expression level of related targets in hippocam- pus，prefrontal cortex，striatum and habenular nucleus of chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS) rats． Methods : The target of helicid was predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database ，and the depression related targets were screened by GeneCards、DisGeNet、TTD and DRUGBANK databases ; the metascape platform was used for gene en- richment analysis ，and the " helicid-depression-pathway " network was constructed ; Autodock Vina was used for molecular docking research ; qRT-PCR was used to detect the effect of helicid on the mRNA expression of HTR1A， ADORA1 and ADORA2A in rat tissues. Results : The 81 helicid targets and 1 640 depression targets were ob- tained，including 40 intersecting targets ; the key targets were mainly enriched in cAMP signal pathway，PI3K-Akt signal pathway，MAPK signal pathway and so on ; the results of molecular docking showed that the binding activity of helicid with most targets was good ; helicid up-regulated the expression levels of HTR1A ，ADORA1 and ADORA2A mRNA in hippocampus，prefrontal cortex ，striatum and habenular nucleus of CUMS rats． Conclusion Helicid may act on cAMP，PI3K-Akt，MAPK and other signal pathways to intervene depression through HTR1A， ADORA1 and ADORA2A.

Objective: To investigate the values of T lymphocyte-bound complement activation products such as T-C3d and T-C4d, B lymphocyte-bound complement activation products such as B-C3d and B-C4d and erythrocyte-bound complement activation products such as E-C3d and E-C4d in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 68 SLE patients, 70 patients with non-SLE autoimmune diseases and 68 healthy controls were collected randomly, and the expression levels of T-C4d, B-C4d, E-C4d, T-C3d, B-C3d and E-C3d in these samples were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), peripheral blood cell count and other markers were also detected. The differences of cell-bound complement activation products in three groups were analyzed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), nonparametric test, sensitivity and specificity. Results: The specific median fluorescence intensity (SMFI) of T-C4d, B-C4d, E-C4d, T-C3d, B-C3d and E-C3d in SLE patients were significantly higher than those in the patients with non-SLE autoimmune diseases and healthy controls (all P＜0.05). The SMFI (median \[P 25, P 75\]) of T-C4d, B-C4d and E-C4d in SLE patients were 3.8(1.2, 13.1), 22.1(6.2, 67.9) and 19.6(1.8, 52.4), respectively. The SMFI of T-C4d, B-C4d and E-C4d in SLE patients with reduced red blood cells and/or lymphocytes were significantly higher than that with normal red blood cell and lymphocyte count (all P＜0.05). The AUCs of T-C4d, B-C4d, E-C4d, T-C3d, B-C3d and E-C3d were 0.711, 0.763, 0.663, 0.631, 0.611 and 0.615, respectively (all P＜0.05). The sensitivity of the combination of T-C4d with B-C4d (73.5%) in the diagnosis of SLE was superior to that of anti-dsDNA (36.8%). Conclusion The cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) are specifically expressed in SLE patients, and their combination detection is helpful for the diagnosis of SLE.

To investigate the effects of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) on energy metabolism in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Adult SD male rats were divided into 5 groups: sham group, ischemia group, reperfusion group, adenovirus no-load group, and SIK2 overexpression group with 5 animals in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced with the modified Zea-Longa line thrombus method to establish the cerebral ischemia reperfusion model. Eight days before the MCAO, SIK2 overexpression was induced by injecting 7 μL adenovirus in the right ventricle, then MCAO was performed for followed by reperfusion HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cerebral tissue in rats; TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarct. The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rat brain tissue were detected by ELISA; the levels of SIK2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in the rat brain tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, SIK2 level was decreased in the ischemia group, and it was further declined in the reperfusion group (<0.05). Compared with the sham group and ischemic group, the pathological injury in reperfusion group were more severe, and the infarct size was larger; compared with the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group, the pathological injury of the SIK2 overexpression group was milder, and the infarct size is less. Compared with the sharn group, HIF-1α was increased in both ischemia group and reperfusion group, especially in ischemia group (all <0.05); HIF-1α level in the SIK2 overexpression group was higher than that in the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group (all <0.05). ATP level in ischemia group and reperfusion group was lower than that in the sham group, and the reperfusion group decreased more significantly than the ischemia group (<0.05); ADP content was increased in the ischemia and reperfusion group, and the ADP content in reperfusion group was significantly higher than that in the ischemia group (<0.05). ATP level in the SIK2 overexpression group was higher than that in the reperfusion group and adenovirus no-load group (all <0.05), and ADP was decreased in the SIK2 overexpression group (all <0.05). SIK2 can up-regulate the ATP level and down-regulate the ADP level in rat brain tissue and alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by increase the level of HIF-1α.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Energy Metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics* ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the composition ratio on substitution of sulfate group in sulfated exopolysaccharide (EPS) from and how sulfate modification affects the anti-tumor activity of EPS. METHODS: We used a chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to modify EPS and analyzed the effect of esterification ratio on the degree of sulfate substitution using barium chloride turbidimetry. The sulfate groups binding with EPS were analyzed with infrared spectrum analysis. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of EPS sulfate (SEPS) on the proliferation of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells, and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to assess the pro-apoptotic effect of SEPS in the cells. RESULTS: The esterifying agent and EPS at the composition ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 resulted in sulfate substitution of 0.98% (SEPS-1) and 1.18% (SEPS-2), respectively, and the substitution was improved by increasing the ratio of the esterifying agent ( < 0.05). Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the S=O stretching vibration absorption peak of -OSO appeared near 1249 cm, indicating that the sulfate group combined with EPS to form sulfate. CCK-8 assay showed that SEPS-1 produced stronger inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HCT 116 cells than EPS within the concentration range of 0.02-0.10 mg/L ( < 0.05). At the concentrations of 0.04-0.08 mg/L, SEPS-2 showed a lower anti-tumor activity than SEPS-1 ( < 0.05). SEPS-1 also showed stronger pro-apoptotic effect than EPS, and as its concentration increased, SEPS-1 dose-dependently increased the ratio of early apoptotic cells and necrotic cells; the cells treated with 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mg/mL SEPS-1 showed early apoptotic rates of 6.38%, 11.8% and 12.5%, and late apoptotic and necrotic rates of 5.26%, 8.04% and 6.80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The composition ratio of the esterifying agent has a direct impact on the degree of substitution of EPS, which can be improved by increasing the ratio of the esterifying agent. Sulfate modification of EPS can enhance its antitumor activity, which, however, is not directly related with the degree of substitution.