Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of renal transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced end-stage nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 408 cases who underwent renal transplantation in our center from 2009 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into DM group (n =82) and non-DM group (n =326).The postoperative infection,delayed graft function (DGF),adverse events,and the survival rate of patients/kidneys were comparatively analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events was significantly higher in DM group than in non-DM group (23.2％ vs.15.6％,P =0.04;17.1％ vs.8.6 ％,P =0.04;13.4％ vs.8.3 ％,P =0.03).No significant difference was found in the 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rate of patients and kidneys between the two groups after operation (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events is higher in DM patients.The DM does not affect the survival rate of patients/kidneys through appropriate treatment.It is important to prevent complications in DM patients after renal transplantation.