Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.

Objective To study the effects of soybean isoflavone(SI) on lipid peroxidation and liver ultrastructure in ovariectomized rats. Methods Seventy female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the levels of total cholesterol(TC) in serum: hyper-lipoid group,estrogen group,low-dose SI group,middle-dose SI group,high-dose SI group,sham group and normal control group.After bilateral ovaries were extirpated except sham and normal control groups for a week,the estrogen,different doses of SI or deionized water were fed with intragastric administration for 12 weeks.The rat body weight was weighted once per week and blood samples were collected at the time of ovariectomization,the 4th and 8th weeks after administeration at the time of being killed.The serum TC,triglyceride(TG),high or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C,LDL-C),lipoprotein(a) and antioxygen enzyme were assayed. Results LDL-C levels in SI intervention groups were significantly lower than that in hyper-lipoid groups but higher than that in normal control group;the levels of lipoprotein(a) were changed;there was almost no effect on HDL-C in serum.SI could retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte;there was similar structure in high dose SI group and normal control group.An obvious damage was detected in hyper-lipoid group.Conclusion SI can improve lipoprotein(a) and lipid peroxidation in ovariectomized rats.A continuous intervention with high-SI can reduce LDL-C to normal lever and retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte.

Objective To investigate the value of ABCD3-I score in predicting the outcome of acute minor ischemic stroke. Methods Totally 255 patients were valued by ABCD, ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3-I and ESSEN score then the clinical characters, outcome and early progression of these patients were investigated. Results Forty-eight patients had poor outcome after 90 days. Univariate logistic regression indicated that the differences of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stenosis of criminal artery, abnormal signal in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and other clinical symptoms between poor outcome group and good outcome group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The AUC of ABCD, ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3-I and ESSEN score in predicting outcome of acute minor stroke was 0.791 0, 0.798 3, 0.827 9, 0.930 0 and 0.735 9 respectively. There was difference among patients with different ABCD3-I scores both in outcome and early progression. Conclusion ABCD3-I score can predict the outcome of acute minor stroke and supply a new method for personalized treatment.

Background The left atrial appendage (LAA) is thought to be the main source of thrombi in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).The purpose of this study was to describe the LAA orifice diameter,LAA length,and morphologic type of the LAA in Chinese patients with AF as well as to evaluate whether these LAA parameters are associated with a history of stroke in patients with AF from a single center in China.Methods The study population consisted of 219 consecutive patients with drug-refractory,symptomatic paroxysmal,or persistent AF scheduled to undergo radiofrequency catheter ablation in our single center.All patients underwent extensive clinical assessment and multidetector computed tomography to fully explore the anatomy of the LAA.Results Of the 219 patients who underwent catheter ablation procedures,chicken wing LAA morphology was found in 114 patients (52.2％),windsock in 52 (23.9％),cauliflower in 29 (13.0％),and cactus in 24 (10.9％).Compared with the windsock LAA morphology,cactus had a larger left atrial diameter ((42.40±3.68) and (37.91±4.32) mm,P=0.005) and LAA orifice diameter ((27.38±3.70) and (24.14±3.58) mm,P=0.048).The LAA length was significantly larger in the chicken wing morphology than in the windsock ((37.50±6.74) and (31.33±3.92) mm,P=0.015) and cauliflower morphologies ((37.50±6.74) and (31.33±3.92) ram,P=0.015).According to their medical records,26 patients (11.9％) had suffered a prior stroke.Compared with patients who had no history of stroke,the prior-stroke patients were older (62.04±8.07 and 58.24±9.24,P=0.047) and there were fewer patients with chicken wing (23.1％ and 59.1％,P=0.001) and more patients with cauliflower (26.9％ and 9.8％,P=0.046).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.47; P=0.003),non-chicken wing morphology (OR 5.82; 95％ Cl 1.61-21.03; P=0.007),and LAA orifice diameter (OR 1.25; 95％ Cl 1.05-1.49; P=0.014) were independent predictors of stroke after adjusting for all parameters that emerged as potential confounders with univariate analysis.Conclusion lAA analysis can potentially be used to inform guidance on the implication for stroke risk assessment.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in production is frequently exposed to inadequate light, which significantly affects its agronomic traits via inhibiting their physiological, metabolic and developmental processes. To explore the mechanism how the grape plants respond to the weak light stress, we used 'Yinhong' grape and examined their physiology-biochemistry characteristics and transcriptional profile under different levels of weak light stress. The results showed that grape seedlings upon low intensity shading treatments were not significantly affected. As the shading stress intensity was strengthened, the epidermis cells, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue in the leaves were thinner, the intercellular space between the palisade tissue and spongy tissue was larger compared with that of the control, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were decreased gradually. Additionally, the soluble protein content increased and the free proline content decreased gradually. Compared with the control, significant changes in plant photosynthetic characteristics and physiology-biochemistry characteristics were observed under high intensity of shading (80%). RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes between CK and T2, CK and T4, T2 and T4 were 13 913, 13 293 and 14 943, respectively. Most of the enrichment pathways were closely related with the plant's response to stress. Several signaling pathways in response to stress-resistance, e.g. JA/MYC2 pathway and MAPK signal pathway, were activated under weak light stress. The expression level of a variety of genes related to antioxidation (such as polyphenol oxidase and thioredoxin), photosynthesis (such as phytochrome) was altered under weak light stress, indicating that 'Yinhong' grape may activate the antioxidation related pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it may activate the expression of photosynthetic pigment and light reaction structural protein to maintain the photosynthesis activity. This research may help better understand the relevant physiological response mechanism and facilitate cultivation of grape seedlings under weak light.
Vitis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Photosynthesis/genetics* ; Plant Leaves ; Light ; Seedlings/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients aged 75 years and over. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 238 elderly patients (≥75 years old) with cerebral infarction admitted into our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 was performed. The age, gender, serum creatinine and risk factors for stroke (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, homocysteine, atrial fibrillation, smoking, drinking), coronary heart disease, previous stroke history, tumor history, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, hemoglobin, hematocrit and other basic data were recorded. The patients were divided into the group with good prognosis (mRS score ≤ 2) and the group with poor prognosis (mRS score > 2). The relationship between hemoglobin levels and the prognosis of cerebral infarction in elderly patients were analyzed. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, 124 (52.1%, 124/238) stroke patients had a good prognosis, and 114 (47.9%, 114/238) patients had a poor prognosis, including 21 deaths. Anemia at admission (OR=2.433, 95%CI: 1.213-4.591, P=0.011), new-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=2.615, 95%CI: 1.333-6.521, P=0.043) and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.847, 95%CI: 0.671-0.971, P=0.038) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly stroke patients aged ≥75 years. New-onset anemia after hospitalization (OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.002-1.027, P=0.022), the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization (OR=0.801, 95%CI: 0.654-0.981, P=0.027), the decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L (OR=1.342, 95%CI: 1.011-1.763, P=0.000) at reexamination were independent risk factors for the mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. Conclusions Anemia at admission, new-onset anemia after hospitalization, and the low level of minimum hemoglobin during hospitalization are independent predictors for poor prognosis in cerebral infarction patients aged ≥75 years. The decrement of hemoglobin ≥20 g/L after admission is an independent predictor for high mortality in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUNDTo detect the expression of human epidermal-growth-factor receptor 4 (HER4) and elucidate the relationship between its overexpression and the clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe expression of HER4 was detected in 70 cases of paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSHER4 were overexpressed in 91.4% of NSCLC. The overexpression of HER4 was significantly related to lymph node metastasis (P=0.007), TNM stages (P=0.011) and postoperative survival rate (P= 0.0258).

CONCLUSIONSerbB4 is one of the genes to regulate the growth of advanced NSCLC. The artificial interference with HER4 overexpression may be a good way in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Objective:To study the application of powder comprehensive properties characterization of cefuroxime axetil in batch changes .Methods:The stability and change of the powder before the batch change of cefuroxime axetil were measured by an FT 4 mul-tifunctional powder flow tester .The flow rate, compression rate, shear property, air inflation and air permeability were measured .The corresponding powder index was established .After the batch change , the above indices were detected to assess whether meeting the re-quirements.Results:The volume index of three batches of products after the batch change was within the optimal range .Conclusion:The batch changes of cefuroxime axetil have no effect on the smooth progress of cefuroxime axetil production , which provides a new rap-id verification method for preparation manufacturers .

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a clonal plasma cell disease in which multiple organs of human body are damaged by amyloid misfolded by light chain of immunoglobulin. Its mechanism is still unclear. Clinically, heart failure, renal insufficiency and other organs failure are seen as prominent symptoms for the majority of patients. The main treatments include melphalan combined with dexamethasone or bortezomib or other target new drugs or autologous stem cell transplantation. Efficacy assessment depends on not only the serum free light chain and M protein levels to judge the hematological response, but also pro-brain natriuretic peptide and troponin I as biomarker to assess the heart and other vital organs function for better outcomes. In the era of new drugs, cardiac involvement is a determinant of survival and prognosis of AL patients. The modern AL treatment usually takes new drug targeted therapy against plasma cells, and combines with anti-amyloidosis treatment to clear the accumulation of amyloidosis chaperonin. Despite the promising advances in treatment, many problems need to be resolved.

Objective: To determine the current prevalence of health risk behaviors among college students in Henan Province, and to conduct an in depth analysis of the impact of cumulative ecological risks on health risk behaviors, so as to provide scientific basis for promoting healthy development of adolescents. Methods: Using a multi stage stratified cluster sampling method, 9 743 college students from six universities in Henan Province were included as the research subjects from April to June 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the College Student Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale and the China Urban Adolescent Health Related Behavior Survey Questionnaire (University Version). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, Chi square test and binary Logistic regression. Results: The reporting rates of unhealthy eating behavior, unhealthy weight loss behaviors, lack of physical activity, daily risk behaviors, negative emotions, current smoking behavior current drinking behaviors, Internet addiction emotions and dangerous sexual behaviors among college students in Henan Province were 40.2%, 39.5%, 76.0%, 13.7%, 28.1%, 11.3%, 12.7%, 5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The reporting rates of negative emotions, current smoking behaviors, current drinking behaviors, dangerous sexual behaviors and daily risk behaviors of college students were higher in boys than in girls ( χ 2=44.00, 995.20, 902.49, 121.95, 103.09, P <0.05). In terms of reporting rates of unhealthy diet, unhealthy weight loss and lack of exercise behavior, girls were higher than boys ( χ 2=107.59, 13.01, 145.83, P <0.05). Cumulative ecological risk was positively correlated with overall health risk behaviors. For every unit increase in the cumulative ecological risk index, the risk of health risk behaviors among college students increased by 48%. Conclusions The prevalence of health risk behaviors among college students is relatively common. It should adrocate for a healthy lifestyle, reduce the cumulative ecological risk and the occurrence of health risk behaviors to promote the healthy development of adolescents.