Objective To investigate the status of living relative kidney transplantation, and the clinical effects and social significances of kidney transplantation between spouses. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data of the department of kidney transplant of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January 2011 to December 2013. The spouse group as group 1, the age and sex of doners were taken into account,the siblings with the similar age of the same period were enrolled in group 2. Then the postoperative recoveries of the two groups were compared. Considering the current social status, particularly the shortage of donor kidneys, the clinical, social and family significances of kidney transplantation between spouses were analyzed. Results Twelve cases of spouses in group 1, 8 cases of siblings in group 2 , the differences of donor and recipient age of the two groups were 0.33 ± 0.98 years and 2.29 ± 7.23 years, respectively. The human major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA) was less than three in group 1, and was greater than or equal to three in group 2. The changes of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were analyzed. No significant differences of serum creatinine and downward trend of blood urea nitrogen were observed between two groups (P = 0.84, P = 0.79). Conclusion The kidney transplantation between spouses has good clinical efficacy and great social significance, improving the status of the shortage of donor kidney and contributing to family harmony. The renal transplantation between spouses has obvious advantages and need further promotion.

Objective To evaluate the value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in detecting the growth of orthotopic prostate tumor in nude mice. Methods Thirty-five orthotopic prostate tumor models of BALB/c nude mice were established. High frequency color Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor the growth of tumors in five randomly selected BALB/c nude mice after 2 - 8 weeks. After examination,the nude mice were immediately sacrificed under narcotism. The tumors were dissected, fixed and embedded. The sections were stained by HE and reviewed under microscope as the gold standard of detecting the growth of orthotopic prostate tumors. The growth curves were recorded and analyzed. Results High frequency color Doppler ultrasound can be used to observe the size, resonance, blood supply and necrosis of tumors. The tumors grew fastest in 4～6 weeks after injection. After seven weeks, necrosis can be found in the center of the tumors while the boundary of the tumor was not clear. Conclusions High frequency color Doppler ultrasound can be a reliable method to monitor the growth of orthotopic prostate tumor in BALB/c nude mice.

Objective To explore the demographic factors and the risk of the pedicle screw insertion of the narrow pedi?cles. Methods Thoracolumbar spine thin?section CT image data of 312 adults from September 2014 to September 2015 were ana?lyzed. The pedicle width,medial and lateral cortical thickness, spongy bone thickness, spongy bone thickness/cortical thickness, e angle and screw path length of each pedicle were measured. The incidence and the distribution characteristics of the narrow pedi?cle were analyzed. Anatomic parameters and age, gender and stature were compared between the narrow pedicle group and non?narrow pedicle. The risk of the pedicle screw insertion of the narrow pedicle was assessed. Results Among the 3 081 pedicles, 74 narrow pedicles were determined as their pedicles width were less than 5 mm, and the proportion of narrow pedicle was 2.40%. Among the 312 subjects, 26 subjects were found having narrow pedicles, and the proportion of individuals with narrow pedicles in the population was 8.33% (26/312). The incidences of narrow pedicle in thoracolumbar spine were T10 0.32%, T11 0.32%, T12 0.98%, L1 7.54%, L2 2.92%. The spongy bone thickness, spongy bone thickness/cortical thickness of narrow pedicle were lower than non?narrow pedicle. However, there were no significant differences of medial and lateral cortical thickness, e angle and screw path length between the narrow pedicle and non?narrow pedicle. Difference of the mean age between the two subjects groups had no statistical significance. The percentage of female in narrow pedicle subjects group was 84.6%(22/26), which was higher than that in non?narrow pedicle subjects group (49.7%, 142/286). The mean stature of the male and female of stenosis pedicle group subjects were 163.8±1.3 cm and 152.5±4.3 cm, which were shorter than those of non?narrow subjects pedicle group (169.5±5.6 cm, 160.1±6.6 cm). The percentage of the cortical bone breakthrough by the pedicle screws of narrow pedicle group was (84.6%, 27/32), which was higher than that of non?narrow pedicle group (14.7%, 33/224). Conclusion L1 is the most common segment of thoracolumbar spine that narrow pedicle exist, which is the result of reduction of the spongy bone thickness. Narrow pedicle mostly appears in short stature female. There is high risk of cortical bone breakthrough by insertion of the posterior pedicle screws in the narrow pedicle.

The standardized training of resident doctors is the main form of medical education after graduation. The standardization training of ultrasound doctors was guided by post competence, and was explored from the aspects, such as training target, teaching management, teaching method, teaching mode, and examination means. In this study, we adhered to the tutor responsibility system, and horizontal multi-module and vertical step-by-step teaching modes, made study plans according to local conditions, and improved the assessment system, so as to build a standardized and practical training system for ultrasound residents.

Objective:To compare effects of conservative treatment and percutaneous kyphoplasty on paravertebral muscle degeneration in patients with osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures.Methods:A retrospective case control analysis was conducted on 286 cases of osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures from January 2017 to December 2019. There were 54 males and 232 females, with a mean age of 67.7 (range, 52-90 years). According to the treatment, the patients were divided in to conservative treatment group (134 patients) and percutaneous kyphoplasty treatment group (152 patients). The pre-operation and post-operation of paravertebral muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration (FI% ) , bed rest time, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), the sagittal view Cobb angle, and the anterior column height of fractured vertebra were compared between these two groups.Results:The two groups had no significant difference in CSA and FI% of paravertebral muscle in each plane of the intervertebral discs of the L 3-4、L 4-5 and L 5S 1. The CSA of multifidus in each plane of the intervertebral discs three months after operation were 6.56±1.26 cm 2, 6.87±1.31 cm 2, and 7.14±1.29 cm 2; the CSA of erector were 12.39±2.16 cm 2, 14.72±2.67 cm 2, and 16.45±3.09 cm 2; the CSA of psoas major were 7.05±1.52 cm 2, 8.12±1.75 cm 2, and 8.68±1.66 cm 2, which all were larger than those in conservative treatment group and showed significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05). However, the two groups had no significant difference in FI% of paravertebral muscle three months after operation. The CSA of multifidus in each plane of the intervertebral discs one year after operation were 6.43±1.23 cm 2, 6.62±1.42 cm 2, and 7.06±1.32 cm 2; the CSA of erector were 12.02±2.08 cm 2, 14.53±2.76 cm 2, and 16.39±2.84 cm 2; the CSA of psoas major were 6.98±1.47 cm 2, 8.01±1.59 cm 2, and 8.37±1.72 cm 2, which all were larger than those in conservative treatment group and showed significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05). The FI% of multifidus in each plane of the intervertebral discs one year after operation were 31.40%±5.84% , 32.54%±6.64% , and 33.26%±7.16% ; the FI% of erector were 22.64%±3.47% , 23.08%±3.72% , and 23.84%±3.99% ; the FI% of psoas major were 9.23%±2.20% , 9.72%±2.54% , and 10.98%±2.43% , which all were less than those in conservative treatment group and showed significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05). Two groups had significant difference in bed rest time as (9.21±2.52) d vs. (40.32±9.79) d ( t=37.79, P<0.001). The VAS, ODI score at the time of the first day after treatment and the last follow-up of the surgical treatment group were all significantly lower than those of conservative treatment group ( P<0.05). The operation could effectively improve the kyphosis deformity and reduce the loss the anterior column height of fractured vertebra compared with conservative treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:There exists paravertebral muscle degeneration of varying degrees during the course of the osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures. Compared to conservative treatment, percutaneous kyphoplasty treatment can not only significantly relieve pain in the short term, improve quality of patient's life, but also significantly delay the degeneration of paravertebral muscle.