Objective To evaluate the training quality of junior college graduates of clinical medicine based on the feedback from the graduates and their employers.Methods Totally 112 junior college graduates tailored to rural areas among all the three years' graduates were selected.These graduates and their employers were asked to do the questionnaire and discussion.Results The overall evaluation from the graduates on the school curriculum and teachers was good,with satisfactory rate being above 95％.The employers had nice impression on the graduates and spoke highly of them,with satisfactory rate reaching 97.4％.Of all the three years' graduates,one-time passing rate in the qualification examination for assistant practitioners came to 41.0％,much higher than the average passing rate of 20.12％ in the same area and at the same time.Conclusion The teaching effect for junior college graduates of clinical medicine tailored to rural areas is satisfactory and the reform on teaching is worka ble and effective,however,it needs further practice.

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in women of Miyun County.Questionnaire survey was conducted in 8665 residents selected from urban and rural areas of Miyun County.Total 8663 questionnaires were completed with a response rate of 99.98％.The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34.43％ (2983/8663),among which 1790 cases were of stress type with a prevalence rate of 20.66％,414 cases were of urgent type with a prevalence rate of 4.78％ and 779 cases were of mixed type with a prevalence rate of 8.99％.The risk factors of the stress urinary incontinence were advanced age(OR =1.555),BMI≥24 kg/m2 (OR =0.556),alcohol drinking(OR =1.308),constipation (OR =1.360),delivery times≥3(OR =1.998),history of macrosomia-bearing (OR =0.572).

Objective To make a nationwide external quality assessment of serologic tests for syphilis in China,in hope to increase the quality of syphilis serology in laboratories at different levels.Methods From 2006 to 2008,a nationwide external quality assessment scheme was conducted for serologic tests for syphilis in laboratories of some medical and healthcare facilities each year by the Reference Laboratory,National Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Five quality control samples and corresponding questionnaires were sent to the participating laboratories.Tests were conducted and test results were reported within stipulated time.Subsequently,the test results were statistically analyzed by the Reference Laboratory,and the final results were fed back to all of these participants.Results From 2006 to 2008,the number of participating provinces increased from 17 to 31,and the number of participating laboratories from 23 to 145.Laboratories achieving a full score amounted to 79.9％,36.8％ and 57.6％,and those gaining a score of 80 or greater amounted to 95.7％,88.2％ and 89.7％,respectively,in 2006,2007 and 2008.Conclusion The external quality assessment scheme has enhanced the capacity of participating laboratories for syphilis serology to a certain extent from 2006 to 2008.

A stable HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) reaction in vitro was developed by a sensitive, selective and precise liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. The optimized enzyme reac-tion condition contained 1.5μg of HMGR, 20 nM of NADPH with 50 min of reaction time. The method was validated by several intra-and inter-day assays. The production transitions of m/z 147.0/59.1 and m/z 154.0/59.1 were used to detect and quantify mevalonolactone (MVAL) and MVAL-D7, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated over the concentration range of 0.005–1.000μg/mL for MVAL and 0.010–0.500μg/mL for lovastatin acid in three validation batch runs. The lower limit of quantitation was found to be 0.005μg/mL for MVAL and 0.010μg/mL for lovastatin acid. Intra-day and inter-day precision ranged from 0.95%to 2.39%and 2.26%to 3.38%for MVAL, 1.46%to 3.89%and 0.57% to 5.10% for lovastatin acid, respectively. The results showed that the active ingredients in Xuezhikang capsules were 12.2 and 14.5 mg/g, respectively. This assay method could be successfully applied to the quality control study of Xuezhikang capsule for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the isoflavones from the vines of Pueraria lobata.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel and RP-C18, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and identified as: 3'-methoxydaidzein (1), formononetin (2), genistein (3), daidzein (4), daidzin (5), genistin (6), ononin (7), 5-hydroxyl ononin (8), calycosin (9), 6"-O-acetyl genistein (10), 6"-O-acetyl daidzin (11), puerarin (12).

CONCLUSIONFor the first time, compounds 9-11 were isolated from the genus Pueraria plant, and compounds 1, 3, 6-8 were obtained from the vines of this plant.

Genistein ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Pueraria ; chemistry

A sero-epidemiological survey on 1 833 healthy residents was carried out in 6 villages of a leprosy high-endemic area in Wenshan and Guangnan counties, Yunnan Province. The part of the residents with initially antibody-positive as well as the part of residents with initially antibody-negative have been followed up for 3 consecutive years by serology and clinical examination for studying kinetic changes of antibody to M.leprae and its relation with clinical disease. The results showed that the rates of subclinical infection of leprosy in a high-endemic area are different from village to village, and the risk of developing clinical disease does not associate with subclinical infection rate. It correlates with the number of cured accumulative leprosy cases and active cases within the village. The authors consider that in leprosy high-endemic villages, especially those cropped up new multi-bacillary leprosy cases frequently in recent years, it may be helpful to use serology to detect early leprosy cases.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of helper T cell(Th)immune response indicators for asthma control in children with cough variant asthma(CVA)and its relationship with the risk of recurrence.Methods:A total of 112 children with CVA in Hengshui City People's Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021 were selected,all received conventional western medicine treat-ment,and were divided into well-controlled group(n=85)and poorly-controlled group(n=27)according to their asthma control status after 4 weeks of treatment.compare the general data,pulmonary function indexes before treatment[forced expiratory volume in 1 se-cond(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)],Th immune response indexes(Th1/Th2,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10)levels,ana-lyze the correlation between Th immune response indicators and pulmonary function indicators,and predict the value of asthma control in children with CVA.After 6 months of follow-up,the recurrence situation in the well-controlled group was counted,the Th immune response indexes before treatment were compared between the children with recurrence and those without recurrence,and the relation-ship between Th immune response indexes and recurrence were analyzed.Results:Before treatment,the levels of FEV1,FEV1/FVC,Th1/Th2,IL-2 and IFN-γ in the poor control group were lower than those in the well-controlled group,and the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were higher than those in the well-controlled group(P<0.05).Th1/Th2,IL-2,IFN-γ levels were positively correlated with FEV1,FEV1/FVC before treatment in children with CVA,and IL-4,IL-10 levels were negatively correlated with FEV1,FEV1/FVC(P<0.05);the areas under the curve(AUC)of Th1/Th2,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 levels before treatment for predicting poor asthma control in children with CVA were all>0.7,and the combined predicted AUC(0.933)was the largest;before treatment,the levels of Th1/Th2,IL-2 and IFN-γ in the relapsed children in the group were lower than those of the non-relapsed children,and the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were higher than those of the non-relapsed children(P<0.05);The levels of Th1/Th2,IL-2,and IFN-γ before treat-ment were negatively correlated with CVA recurrence,while IL-4 and IL-10 levels were positively correlated with CVA recurrence(P<0.05).Conclusion:Th immune response index has a certain value in predicting asthma control in children with CVA,and is closely related to the recurrence of CVA.

Along with the significant development on both theory and practice of health promotion programs, the application of behavioral and social science theories has also been advanced in the fields of design and evaluation regarding the intervention-related studies. Intervention mapping is a new planning protocol, efficiently used to develop, implement, and evaluate health promotion related intervention programs. In this article, we are briefly introducing the basic concepts, implementation steps, specific requirements, as well as reviewing the current progress in methodologies, application that are related to intervention mapping, so as to provide reference for health intervention research studies, domestically.

Objective:To understand the current situation of scientific research ability and training needs of community nurses in China.Methods:The convenient sampling method was used to select 3 633 community nurses from 16 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities from June to August 2021 to investigate. The contents of the questionnaire included general information, Self-Assessment Scale of Scientific Research Ability for Nursing Staff, scientific research attitude and training needs. A total of 3 633 questionnaires were recovered, of which 3 561 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 98.0%. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the total score of self-assessment of scientific research ability of community nurses.Results:The total score of scientific research ability of 3 561 community nurses was 39.00 (28.00, 60.00) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that nursing working years, highest education, received research courses/training, working experience in academic organizations/academic journals, participating in academic conferences or above the municipal level in the past 5 years and having plans to improve academic qualifications in the next 5 years were the influencing factors of scientific research ability of community nurses ( P<0.05) , jointly explained 15.4% of the total variance (adjusted R2=0.154, P<0.001) . Community nurses had training needs in data collection and organization, scientific research design, literature retrieval, scientific research topic selection, data statistical analysis and statistical software operation and submission skills. Conclusions:Subjective self-assessment scientific research ability and objective scientific research output of community nurses need to be improved and key scientific research talents need to be cultivated.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative research on the real experience of moral distress among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses.Methods:Qualitative researches on the moral distress of ICU nurses were searched through computers in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from the establishment of the database to April 15, 2023. The quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2017) in Australian. The aggregation integration method was used to integrate the results.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, and 42 main results were extracted and categorized into 9 categories. Three integrated results were synthesized, namely the generation and experience of moral distress among ICU nurses, the impact of moral distress on ICU nurses, and the coping styles to moral distress among ICU nurses.Conclusions:Nursing managers should attach importance to the moral distress experience of ICU nurses, reduce the negative impact of moral distress on ICU nurses, and enhance their moral resilience.