Objective:To investigate the risk factors for concomitant cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients and to develop a Nomogram prediction model.Methods:One hundred and fifty-eight diabetic patients admitted to in Southern Hospital Zengcheng Branch from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected. Patients with normal heart rate variability were the diabetic group, and patients with abnormal heart rate variability were the group with diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Nomogram models were developed and model performance was evaluated. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the net clinical benefit of the Nomogram model.Results:Comparison of general data showed that fasting blood glucose, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glomerular filtration rate (eGER), uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), free fatty acids (FFA), standard deviation of sinus heart beat RR interval (SDNN), and duration of diabetes compared to the diabetic group had statistically significant ( P<0.05); the results of the subject work characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that the best cut-off values for fasting glucose, TNF-α, eGFR, uric acid, CRP, IL-6, FFA, SDNN and duration of diabetes were >7.53 mmol/L, >98.45 ng/L, ≤94.79 ml/(min·1.73 m 2), > 87.3 μmol/L, >6.22 μmol/L, >37.84 ng/L, >839.19 μmol/L, ≤ 95.88 ms, >9 years; multi-factorial Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting glucose (>7.53 mmol/L), TNF-α (>98.45 ng/L), CRP (>6.22 μmol/L), IL-6 (>37.84 ng/L), FFA (>839.19 μmol/L), SDNN (≤95.88 ms), and duration of diabetes (>9 years) were risk factors for the development of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients; internal validation showed that the Nomogram model predicted a C-index of 0.706 (95% CI 0.668 - 0.751) for the risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The DCA results showed that the Nomogram model predicted a risk threshold of >0.25 for the development of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and that the Nomogram model provided a net clinical benefit. Conclusions:There are many risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and the nomogram model based on risk factors in this study has good predictive power and may provide a reference for clinical screening of high-risk patients and further improvement of treatment planning.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of urinary microflora in women with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy without lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods:By completing nerve conduction function and the American Urological Association Symptom Index questionnaire (AUA-SI), a total of 30 cases of women hospitalized with type 2 diabetes and no symptoms of lower urinary tract from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. 17 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were assigned to the DPN group, and 13 patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy were assigned to the nDPN group. Urine specimens were collected from clean catch midstream urine and processed for extracting DNA. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing platform targeting to 16S rDNA gene. Sequencing reads were processed by QIIME. LEfSe algorithm was used to analyze the flora with significant differences between the two groups.Results:The duration of diabetes in the DPN group was lower than that in the nDPN group [(4.12 ± 3.28)years vs.(8.03 ± 6.11)years, P = 0.03], and the retinopathy cases were more in the DPN group than those in the nDPN group (6 vs. 0, P=0.03). Except for above two indicators, there was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between DPN group and nDPN group( P>0.05). The urinary microenvironment of DPN was characterized by increased bacterial richness(sobs index, chao index and aec index, 67.24±40.25 vs.108.69±57.18; 81.36±47.99 vs.122.55±55.70; 88.58±55.03 vs.125.78±53.03, all P<0.05) and by the enrichment of Mycoplasmataceae(Metastats value: 0.52±0.01vs.0.01±0.00001, P=0.02). Beta diversity showed that no significant difference of bacterial composition was found between these two group( P>0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that at the genus level, the relative abundance of eight genera(e.g., Bacillus, Duganella, Leptotrichia, Proteus, Propionibacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Bdellovibrio and uncultured_soil_bacterium) in DPN group decreased at the level of genus( P<0.05). Conclusions:Female patients with type 2 diabetes without lower urinary tract symptoms of peripheral neuropathy exhibit a different microbial community compared to nDPN controls. Mycoplasmataceae may be a potential biomarker for patients with DPN.