Objective:To explore the mindfulness level and self-management behaviors in young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to analyze the correlation between them.Methods:From August to November 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 170 young and middle-aged MHD patients admitted to the Blood Purification Center of People's Hospital of Hunan Province as the research object. The patients were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HD-SMI) . A total of 170 questionnaires were distributed, and 165 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 97.06%.Results:Among 165 young and middle-aged MHD patients, the total scores of FFMQ and HD-SMI were (116.12±14.82) and (57.72±10.72) respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the FFMQ total score and each dimension score were all positively correlated with the HD-SMI total score and each dimension score ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The level of mindfulness and self-management behaviors of young and middle-aged MHD patients were in the middle level. Medical and nursing staff should conduct mindfulness interventions for young and middle-aged MHD patients to improve patients' initiative and further improve their self-management behaviors.