Objective To investigate the effect of breviscapine on lung injury in children undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ children aged 3-65 months weighing 5-21 kg undergoing open heart surgery with CPB were randomly assigned to 3 groups ( n =15 each):control group (group C),low dose breviscapine group (group B1 ) and high dose breviscapine group (group B2).Normal saline 15 ml(group C),breviscapine 0.5 mg/kg (group B1 )or 1.0 mg/kg(group B2 ) were injected iv over 30min after anesthesia induction.Blood samples were taken before operation ( T0 ),at 30 min and 1 h of aortic unclamping (T1,T2 ),at 3 h and 6 h after operation (T3,T4 ) for determination of plasma procalcitonin (PCT)and neutrophil elastase(NE) concentrations.PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded at T0,T3,T4 for caculation of oxygenation index (OI) and alveolo-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (PA-a O2 ).Results There were no significant differences in OI and PA-a O2 among the 3 groups( P ＞ 0.05).Plasma concentration of PCT was higher at T1～4in 3 groups,and plasma concentration of NE was higher at T1 in group C than that at T0 ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Plasma concentrations of PCT and NE were lower in groups B1 and B2 than in group C ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of PCT and NE between groups B1 and B2 ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Breviscapine(0.5,1 mg/kg) can inhibite systemic inflammatory response and attenuate lung injury in children undergoing open heart surgery with CPB.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on apoptosis and invasiveness of human lung cancer cell line A549 cells.Methods Human lung cancer cell line A549 were seeded onto 96-well plates (100 μl/well) and 6-well plates (2 000 μl/well) at a density of 2× 105 cells/ml,and cultured for24 h at 37 ℃ in 5％ CO2.The cells were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =60 each) using a random number table:dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and propofol group (group P).In group P,propofol with the final concentration of 100 μmoYL was added.In group DMSO,0.5％ DMSO with the final concentration of 0.5％ was added.At 24 h of incubation with drugs,caspase-3 expression was detected by high content screening (HCS); the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) was detected by Western blot analysis.At 0.5,1 and 5 h of incubation,ERK1/2 expression was also measured using Western blot analysis.Results Compared with group DMSO,the expression of caspase-3 was up-regulated,the expression of MMP-2 was down-regulated,ERK1/2 expression was up-regulated at 0.5 of incubation and down-regulated at 1 h of incubation,and no significant change was found in ERK1/2 expression at 5 h of incubation in group P.Conclusion Propofol can promote apoptosis in A549 cells and inhibit invasiveness of human lung cancer cell line A549 cells.

Objective To evaluate the anatomical factor and risk assessment of right internal jugular vein (IJV) puncture-related damage to the vertebral artery (VA) at different neck planes in pediatric patients.Methods Two hundred and ten pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 6 months-10 yr,with body mass index less than 28 kg/m2,undergoing elective surgery,were enrolled in this study.At the cricoid cartilage plane,supraclavicular area plane and intermediate plane,the right IJVs and VAs were examined using ultrasound.The VA position relative to the IJV,diameters of IJVs and VAs (the diameter ratio of VAs to IJVs was calculated),extent of overlap between IJVs and VAs,and horizontal and vertical distance from VAs to IJVs were recorded,and the risk coefficient of accidental VA puncture was calculated.Results Ninety-seven percent of VAs lay deep and lateral to right IJVs.There was no significant difference in each parameter of VA position relative to IJVs between the three planes (P＞0.05).The diameter ratio of VAs to IJVs was decreased with the decreasing neck plane,the horizontal and vertical distance from VAs to IJVs was significantly shortened,the overlapping rate between VAs and IJVs was increased,and the risk coefficient of accidental VA puncture was increased (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The vertical distance from VAs to IJVs was not correlated with age,body weight or height (P＞0.05).The risk coefficient of VA damage was not correlated with age,body weight or height at the cricoid cartilage plane and intermediate plane (P ＞ 0.05).The risk coefficient of VA damage was positively correlated with the weight of pediatric patients at the supraclavicular area plane (P＜0.05,r=0.215).Conclusion Right VAs come nearer IJVs with the decreasing neck plane;the risk of VA damage increases gradually with the lowering of neck planes in pediatric patients.

AIM: To compare the effects of different doses of alfentanil on tracheal intubation conditions, hemodynamic parameters and recovery quality in children undergoing tonsillectomy. METHODS: Ninety children undergoing tonsillectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups, and received alfentanil 20 μg/kg (A20 group), 40 μg/kg (A40 group) and 60 μg/kg (A60 group) for anesthesiainduction respectively, 30 cases in each group. The remaining anesthesia induction and maintenance protocols were the same. The Helbo-Hansen scores of the three groups were evaluated, and the MAP and HR before anesthesia induction (T0), before tracheal intubation (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation (T2), and 1 min after intubation (T3) as well as the recovery time of spontaneous breathing, eye opening time, extubated time, agitation score in PACU, and adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS: Compared with A20 group, the total values of Helbo-Hansen score and cough scores in group A40 and A60 were lower (P<0.05). Compared with T0, the MAP at T1-T3 were decreased in group A40 and A60, and HR increased at T2 and T3 in group A20 while HR slowed down at T1 in group A40, and at T1-T3 in group A60 (P<0.05). Compared with A20 group, children in group A40 had lower MAP and slower HR at T1-T3, while those in group A60 had lower MAP and slower HR at T1-T3 (P<0.05). The recovery time of spontaneous breathe and extubated time were prolonged in group A60 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: During the anesthesia induction period of tonsillectomy in children, both afentanil 40 μg/kg or 60 μg/kg combined with propofol 3 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg can provide satisfactory intubation condition, while the vital signs are more stable during anesthesia induction in afentanil 40 μg/kg group and rapid extubation after operation can be achieved.

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of silk/threonine protein kinase (STK)-mediated blue light response in the algal Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, phenotype identification and transcriptome analysis were conducted for C. reinhardtii STK mutant strain crstk11 (with an AphvIII box reverse insertion in stk11 gene coding region) under blue light stress. Phenotypic examination showed that under normal light (white light), there was a slight difference in growth and pigment contents between the wild-type strain CC5325 and the mutant strain crstk11. Blue light inhibited the growth and chlorophyll synthesis in crstk11 cells, but significantly promoted the accumulation of carotenoids in crstk11. Transcriptome analysis showed that 860 differential expression genes (DEG) (559 up-regulated and 301 down-regulated) were detected in mutant (STK4) vs. wild type (WT4) upon treatment under high intensity blue light for 4 days. After being treated under high intensity blue light for 8 days, a total of 1 088 DEGs (468 upregulated and 620 downregulated) were obtained in STK8 vs. WT8. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that compared to CC5325, the crstk11 blue light responsive genes were mainly involved in catalytic activity of intracellular photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and pigment synthesis. Among them, upregulated genes included psaA, psaB, and psaC, psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbH, and L, petA, petB, and petD, as well as genes encoding ATP synthase α, β and c subunits. Downregulated genes included petF and petJ. The present study uncovered that the protein kinase CrSTK11 of C. reinhardtii may participate in the blue light response of algal cells by mediating photosynthesis as well as pigment and carbon metabolism, providing new knowledge for in-depth analysis of the mechanism of light stress resistance in the algae.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics* ; Photosynthesis/genetics* ; Plants/metabolism* ; Protein Kinases ; Threonine/metabolism* ; Carbon/metabolism* ; Serine/metabolism*