Neoantigens, as the products of gene mutations in tumor cells, are specific antigen expressed on the surface of tumor cells. They can be the targets of immuno-cell therapies with high specificity and safety. Immunotherapies based on tumor neoantigens became the new research hotspot as results of the applications of genomic sequencing technologies and the development of neoantigens prediction techniques. In this paper, the applied prospect of neoantigens in hematological malignancies is discussed based on the research progress in the last few years and the relevant reports from the 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.