[Objective]To observe the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF)on hearing and investigate its mechanism.[Methods] Twenty-nine male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Ⅰthe normal rats as control for 12 days (n=6); Ⅱrats given adenine(ig) for 12 days (n=8); Ⅲthe normal rats as control for 24 days (n=6);Ⅳ rats given adenine(ig) for 24 days(n=9). The rat model of CRF was produced by being perfused of adenine [300mg/kg]for 12d and 24d. Brain-stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) was utilized to evaluate the auditory function and renal tissue morphology was observed; Serum sampling was used to determine the content of Cr, BuN. The expression of NOSⅡin the cochlear was measured by immunohistochemical technique.[Results] After adenine given for 12d or 24d, the Cr and BuN were in significant higher level than that in control group. The BAEP thresholds were gradually higher than that in control group, the BAEP delitescence prolonged. Light microscopic observation of renal tissue showed that the degree of fibrosis was gradually higher. Data of immune histochemistry about the cochlear tissue showed that the expressions of NOSⅡ were feebly positive in the cochlear vassal texture, inner-outer hairy cell and helical-ganglion cell, and following functional damage of the kidney, their expressions reinforced gradually, amongst which strongest expression was vassal texture, the next helical-ganglion cell, the last inner-outer hairy cell.[Conclusion]CRF can result in deafness. It is likely concerned with toxic effects of the metabolizable substance, the metabolizable dysfunction of the electrolyte, shortage of trace elements, etc. One of the important mechanisms of the effects of CRF on hearing is the toxic damage of NO to cochlea.

Objective:To explore the correlations between self-esteem and life satisfaction in elementary school students. Methods:494 elementary school students were measured with CSES (Children's Self-Esteem Scale) and BMSLSS (Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale). Results: (1) There were significant gender and grade differences on self-esteem in elementary school students. Girls got higher scores(Means were 3.8?0.8?3.8?0.9?3.9?0.8)than boys on achievements, discipline and social morality-help(Means were 3.5?0.9?3.2?0.8?3.6?0.9,F=17.2?47.0?16.6, P

Objective: To compare the differences between urban and rural middle school students on life satisfaction. Methods: 1152 urban and rural middle school students were measured by Multidimensional Students'Life Satisfaction Scale ( MSLSS - CV) . Results: ( 1 ) The urban students had higher scores than their rural counterparts on all the satisfaction dimensions ( mean value differences = 0. 2 - 0. 4. For example, the family satisfaction of urban and rural students were 4. 6?1. 0, 4. 2?1.0 respectively, mean value difference =0. 4; the serf satisfaction of urban and rural students were 4. 6?0. 7 , 4. 4?0. 7 respectively, mean value difference = 0. 2 ) . ( 2 ) The mean values rank (from high to low) of the five dimensions on the satisfaction was family, self, friend, school and living environment in urban students. The mean values rank (from high to low) of the five dimensions on the satisfaction was self, family, friend, school and living environment in rural students. (3 ) The difference between city and countryside had higher explained percentage than popularity on all the satisfaction dimensions. The percents were as follows: 5% , 10% , 4% , 6% , 17% , 11%. Conclusion: There were significant differences on life satisfaction between urban and rural middle school students.

Objective To reveal the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with awareness during general anesthesia.Methods 10 patients which had the awareness during general anesthesia were selected into AR group (awareness with recall during general anesthesia group).Face-to-face interviews were used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening.Subjects getting a HAD score of 9 and above were further assessed for depressive and/or anxiety disorders with HAMA scales and HAMD scales.Results The difference of common general state of patients, such as age, weigh and the time during operation were all insignificant between two groups (p>0.05).The rate of patients received general anesthesia only in AR group was higher than that in control group(p<0.05).The prevalence of depressive symptom, the prevalence of depressive or anxiety symptom and the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptom in AR group were higher than that in control group(p<0.05).The prevalence of depressive disorder, the prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorder and the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorder in AR group were higher than that in control group too(p<0.05).Conclusion There was high prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with recall-awareness during general anesthesia.

With the development of computer technology, medical data has developed from traditional paper pattern into electronic mode, which could effectively promote the medical development. This paper at first presents the status and characteristics of medical data mining. Then, it discusses the critical method of medical data mining in classification, clustering and prediction, respectively. The paper focuses on the application and assessment of five algorithms which are designed for medical data mining, including decision tree, cluster analysis, association rule, intelligent algorithm and the mix algorithm. Finally, this paper outlooks the data mining application in medical domain.
Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Data Mining ; Decision Trees ; Medical Informatics ; Software

Nowadays, normal humidifier is used to heat and humidify the gas before sending to ventilator tube. A new type of ventilator which offers both breathing tube with heater and humidifier is incorporate. In the light of this, patients already bought ventilator still confront this problem. Therefore, this paper mainly introduces a new manufactural method which is controlling the temperature and humidity of gas sent by breathing machine online by a temperature controller which consist of Silica gel hotline and microcomputer. As a matter of fact, the controller is adaptable in various types of breathing tube and can accurately control the humidity and temperature of gas sent into bodies.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Humidity ; Temperature ; Ventilators, Mechanical

The restriction factors in organizing the high-level and substantiality international cooper-ation were analyzed in this paper from investments, managements, evaluation, intellectual property right pro-tection and independent innovation in previous titular, unequal and injured international cooperations. The effctive principles were suggested to promote the international cooperation level in china, such as insisting the reasonable investments, standardized managemet, equal status and mutual benefis.

Objective To study the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in colonic mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and in normal subjects. Methods Thirty patients with diarrhea predominant IBS and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in colonic mucosa were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC).TLR2 and TLR4 were semi-quantitative analyzed with average absorbence. Results Contrast to healthy controls, the lamina propria of IBS patients showed edema and looseness with lots of inflammatory cells infiltration. There was no difference in expression of TLR2 between healthy controls and IBS patients (P>0.05). Compared with healthy controls, TLR2 in crypt epithelium and TLR4 in luminal surface of IBS patients were significantly up-regulated (TLR2 : 6.7 % vs. 50.0 %,TLR4: 40.0% vs. 0, P<0. 05). The TLR4 expressed in intestine epithelial cell of both the apical surface and the basolateral surface in 86.7% of patients with IBS, and in 50% of healthy controls.The positive cells of TLR4 in lamina propria were higher in patients with IBS than those in healthy controls (70. 084 ± 21. 887 vs. 20. 577 ± 4. 546, P<0.01). The A values of TLR2 and TLR4 in colonic mucosa of the patients with IBS were higher than those in healthy controls (TLR2:0. 3079±0. 0283vs. 0.3886±0. 0510,TLR4:0. 3044±0. 0481 vs. 0. 3971 ±:010996,P<0. 01). Conclusions Inflammatory cells infiltrated into colonic mueosa in patients with IBS suggested that inflammation might participate in the pathogenesis of IBS. Up-regulated expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in IBS patients supposed that they might contribute to the occurrence of IBS.

Translational medicine is an emerging idea in current medical research area. Typically, for the purpose of bridging the gap between basic and clinical research, it not only emphasizes the urgency and necessity to break the traditional working formats, including single subject centered research team and limited cooperation among different scientific groups, but also highlights a more close and frequent interaction between basic scientist and clinician. In order to reach this goal, the theory and method of systems biology should be employed. This paper mainly focused on a central issue that how to carry out an investigation on early clinical diagnosis of xenobiotic-induced intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) by using research concept of translational medicine and method of systems biology. Briefly, a hypothesis of common mechanism of IUGR was first proposed and subsequent validation was performed via integrating--omics (e.g. genomics, proteomics, cytomics, metabonomics/metabolomics) and molecular biology techniques. Metabonomics was further utilized to explore IUGR biomarker and establish preliminary forecasting model by bioinformatics and computational biology, which is available for early diagnosis of IUGR and make a complement to current evaluation criteria.