As the major commercial source of natural rubber,Hevea brasiliensis attracts much attention.However,the heterozygous nature,long breeding cycle are strong limitations for conventional breeding.While genetic engineering,which can be used to widen the germplasm base and produce desirable agronomic traits quickly and efficiently,offers a viable alternative approach to complement traditional breeding.Comprehensive analysis indicates that in the past two decades,with calli derived from immature anther or integumental tissues of immature fruit as receptors,both biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods were employed for developping rubber genotypes with improved latex yield,tolerance to tapping panel dryness syndrome,producing high-value recombinant proteins,etc.Being recalcitrant to tissue culture,the transformation efficiency of Hevea is comparatively low,and the procedures are still needed to optimize.Finally,breeding objectives and strategies to improve transformation efficiency were also proposed in the review.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer(ED-SCLC),and evaluate the correlation between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and toxicity and efficacy of irino-tecan(CPT-11) based regimen in the patients with ED-SCLC. Methods: The analysis of UGT1A1?28 and UGT1A1?6 gene poly-morphisms was performed in 67 patients with ED-SCLC admitted in our hospital from June 2011 to January 2013. The 67 cases with ED-SCLC treated with irinotecan(CPT-11) based regimen were enrolled to observe the adverse events and efficacy during the chemo-therapy, including objective responserate rate ( ORR) , progression free survival ( PFS) and overall survival ( OS) . The incidence of different genotypes was compared. Results:The distribution of UGT1A1 genotypes in the 67 patients was follows:UGT1A1?28 wild-type (WT) genotype TA6/6 (56, 83. 6%), heterozygous genotype TA6/7 (11, 16. 4%);UGT1A1?6 wild-type (WT) genotype G/G (45,67. 2%), heterozygous genotype G/A (22,32. 8%). No significant difference of PFS and OS was observed between the differ-ent genotypes. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea and neutropenia in the patients carrying UGT1A1?6 G/A was higher than that in those with WT genotype (36. 4% vs. 6. 6%, P<0. 05;27. 2% vs. 4. 4%, P<0. 05, respectively). The incidence of grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in the patients carrying UGT1A1?28 TA6/7 was higher than that in those with WT genotype (27. 2%vs. 1. 8%, P<0. 05). The patients simultaneously carrying UGT1A1?28 TA6/7 and UGT1A1?6 G/A were prone to suffering 3 and 4 delayed diarrhea and neutropenia. Conclusion: UGT1A1 polymorphisms may predict the adverse events of CPT-11 in ED-SCLC, while can not predict the efficacy of CPT-11.

Object To develop a resonance scattering spectral(RSS) method for the determination of total flavone in Shuxuening Tablet, and study the cause of RSS enhancement. Methods The BSA Mo (Ⅵ) qucercetin (Qu) system was investigated by RSS method. Results There were two resonance sacttering peaks at 470 and 525 nm. The Qu concentration in the range of 0-2 4 mg/L is linear to the resonance scattering intensity I 470 nm , with a detection limit of 0 3 mg/L. Conclusion This method is simple, sensitive and suitable for the determination of total flavone in Shuxuening Tablet. The spectral results demonstrate that the formation of [BSA Mo Qu] n associated particle and the interface between the particle solid phase and water phase results to its enhanced RSS.

Objectives To explore polymorphisms of CD152 gene promoters (-1722T/C,-1661A/G) and exon1 (+49A/G) in children with idiopathic ischemic stroke and assess the association between these polymorphisms with the disease. Methods Us-ing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, polymorphisms in the CD152 exon1 region (+49A/G) and promoter regions (-1722T/C,-1661A/G) were genotyped in 51 Han children with idiopathic ischemic stroke and 74 healthy Han children. Results The CD152 genotypes in control group and idiopathic ischemic stroke children were consistent to principle of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) byχ2 test. The CD152+49GG genotypes and G allele frequency in the patients showed a signiifcant increase compared to the controls (χ2=7.053, 6.351, P<0.05). However, the CD152-1722T/C,-1661A/G genotypes and allele frequency showed no signiifcant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Clinical features (hemi-paresis, dysarthria, seizures, consciousness change, and preceding infections) did not show signiifcant correlation with genotypes and frequency of the CD152+49 polymorphisms in children with idiopathic ischemic stroke (P>0.05). Conclusions The CD152+49A/G polymorphisms may relate to idiopathic ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the parental rearing style and facing-audience com munication apprehension(FACA).Methods The Chinese College Students' Facing-audience Communication Apprehension Scale (revised version of 2011),the Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Chinese(s-EMBU-C) and the Overall Self-confidence Questionnaire Version of College Students were adopted to survey on 1 072 college freshmen from Guizhou Province.Results FACA in the freshmen of non-one-child was significantly higher than that in the freshmen of one-child,FACA in the freshmen of good performance was significantly lower than that in the freshmen of middle and poor performance;FACA of college freshmen,parental rearing style and self-confidence were significantly correlated with each other;self-confidence played a complete mediated role between the parental care and FACA,and a partial mediated role between the parental control and FACA.Conclusion Self-confidence has significant mediate effect between the parental rearing style and FACA of college freshmen.

Catalpol is a kind of iridoid,which has wide pharma-cological activities,including anti-cerebral ischemia,improving senile dementia,anti-inflammation,inhibiting capillary permea-bility,relieving pain,anti-tumor,antidiarrheal,reducing blood sugar level,protecting liver,and anti-aging.The mechanisms of Catalpol effects have been well studied.Signaling pathways in-clude NF-κB signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, BDNF /TrkB signaling pathway,JAK2 /STAT3 /angiogenesis sig-naling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,TGF-β/Smad signa-ling pathway,and ACh signaling pathway.We reviewed related signaling pathways of Catalpol effects,in order to broaden the understanding of molecular mechanism and signaling pathways of Catalpol,to know the status of catalpol,and to provide new di-rection to study Catalpol.

Objective To establish the method of combined hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) cultured human gallbladder epithelial cells(HGBECs) in vitro .Methods The epithelial layer was peeled away from human gallbladder ,epithelial layer were digested with collagenase Ⅳ and scraped repeatedly .HGBECs were isolated and seeded in cell cul-ture plates containing medium supplemented with or without 10 ng/mL EGF or with 10 ng/mL HGF and 10 ng/mL EGF respec-tively .Then the morphologic changes of the cells were observed and taken photos with inverted phase contrast microscope ,and counted number of cells ,MTT assay detected vigor of cells in different groups .Results The number of the HGBECs of the HGF+EGF group was obviously more than the EGF group ,the duration of the HGBECs of the HGF+ EGF group was obviously longer than the EGF group(19 .3 ± 2 .5)d vs .(14 .2 ± 2 .4)d ,P< 0 .05 .And the HGBECs of the group with HGF+ EGF had better cell vigor .Conclusion HGF combines with EGF added to medium can obviously promote the proliferation of HGBECs and prolong the duration and stabilize morphology of HGBECs in vitro .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and survival status of mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and to analyze the prognostic factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 94 patients with mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses treated from January 2000 to December 2012.Of the 94 patients,50 were male,and 44 were female.The median age of onset was 60 years (range,26-85 years).The primary sites were nasal cavity (86 patients),maxillary sinus (7 patients),and nasopharynx (1 patient).Cervical lymph node metastasis was observed in 10 patients (7 patients before treatment,2 patients during treatment,and 1 patient after treatment).No patient had distant metastasis.Patients were treated with surgery ± radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates,and the logrank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis;the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The 1-,3-,and 5-year sample sizes were 80,54,and 50,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year disease-related survival rates were 71％,33％,and 22％,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the prognostic factors were age over 55 years (P =0.034),involvement of the posterior naris (P =0.011),involvement of the maxillary sinus (P =0.009),involvement of the hard palate (P =0.003),cervical lymph node metastasis (P =0.001),and therapeutic method (P =0.038).Multivariate analysis showed that the prognostic factors were involvement of the posterior naris (P =0.027),involvement of the orbit (P =0.005),and involvement of the hard palate (P =0.003).Conclusions The distant metastasis and local recurrence rates are high among patients with mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses,so combination therapy is imperative.Cervical lymph node metastasis rate is low.Rational clinical staging needs to be further explored.

BACKGROUND:Procolagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and β-colagen special sequence(β-CrossLaps) are two bone metabolic markers that are closely related to osteoporosis. Combined detection of bone metabolic markers and bone mineral density is of clinical significance for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Bone metabolic markers are ideal indicators to predict fractures, which can compensate for the lack of bone density test. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the application of bone metabolic markers in the monitoring of drug efficacy on the treatment of osteoporosis as wel as in the prediction of fracture risks in recent 20 years and to explore the clinical values of P1NP and β-CrossLaps to assess the therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis and risks for osteoporotic fractures. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and SCI databases were performed for relevant articles published from 2000 to 2014 using the keywords of “serum bone metabolic markers; osteoporosis; bone mineral density” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 44 articles meeting the inclusive criteria were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This paper analyzes the source and detection mechanisms of P1NPand β-CrossLaps and then compares their advantages in the therapeutic effect assessment of osteoporosis. Serum bone metabolic markers cannot only reflect the dynamic changes of bone metabolism, but also have earlier changes than the bone mineral density. Both P1NPand β-CrossLaps are very important for assessing the early diagnosis of osteoporosis as wel as anti-osteoporosis drug efficacy.

Objective:To understand the training needs of basic food and drug supervision personnel to provide guidance for the future textbook compiling and training. Methods:The work, training and learning needs of basic food and drug supervision personnel were investigated using the questionnaire survey in the director of the county bureau. Results:The difference in the professional back-ground among the supervision persons and the training were significant in different areas. Conclusion: By strengthening training and textbook construction, the ability of basic food and drug supervision personnel can be enhanced and the supervision and regulation level can be improved as well.