Objective To evaluate transurethral ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis and staging of bladder tumor. Methods Form 1996 to 2000 transurethral ultrasonography(TUUS) was carried out for 70 cases of bladder cancer and the findings were compared with cystoscopy,transabdominal ultrasonography(TAUS),CT,MRI and pathological studies. Results The diagnosis rate of TUUS has been 99.1% being better than cystoscopy and TAUS.The accurate staging rate was 100.0% in stage T 1 tumors, 95.8% in stage T 2,82.4% in stage T 3 and 55.6% in stage T 4. Conclusions TUUS can clearly reveal the depth of tumor infiltration and therefore is an important method for the diagnosis and staging of early bladder tumor.

Objective:To explore androgynous female college students' personality traits,physical and psycho- logical symptom and adaptation to college life.Methods:A cluster sample of 1081 female college students was tested with the Chinese Sex Role Inventory (CSBI),NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),and China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS).Results:(1) The percentage of four gender role stereotypes,including masculine,feminine,androgynous and undifferentiated,were 23.8%,24.1%, 25.1%,27.1% respectively.(2) Androgynous female college students' score of extraversion,openness,agreeable- ness,conscientiousness were highest,for example,androgynous female college students' score of extraversion was (3.7?0.4),but androgynous female college students' score (2.1?0.6) of neuroticism was lowest.In contrast,un- differentiated female college students' scores of extraversion (3.1?0.5),openness,agreeableness,conscientious- ness were lowest,androgynous female college students' score (2.8?0.6) of neuroticism was highest.For other gender role stereotypes,female college students' score was between androgynous and undifferentiated.(3) As to all factors of physical and psychological symptom,androgynous female college students' scores were lowest,but undifferentiated fe- male college students' scores were highest.For example,anxiety score of androgynous female college students was (1.4?0.4),and that of undifferentiated female college students was (1.6?0.6);depression score of androgynous female college students was (1.4?0.4),and that of undifferentiated female college students was (1.6?0.6). (4) Androgynous female college students' adjustment of interpersonal relationship (37.6?5.7) was better than that of undifferentiated female college students (29.4?6.5).Other gender role stereotypes' adjustment scores of interper- sonal relationship were between androgynous and undifferentiated female college students.Conclusion:Although an- drngynous female college students' personality trait,physical and psychological symptom and adaptation to college life are better than other gender role stereotypes statistically,these results need more deeply research.

Objective To investigate the effect of different target plasma concentrations (Cp) of remifentanil on sedative effect of propofol. Methods Eighty adult ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yr undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 20 each). Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Cp = 2, 4 and 8 ng/ml in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ respectively) and propofol TCI (the initial Cp of propofol was 2 μg/ml in the 4 groups). Then the Cp of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and the Cp of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness.The Cp and consumption of propofol were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50. Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the Cp of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the Cp and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased when BIS value decreased to 50 in group Ⅲ - Ⅳ compared with group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Remifentanil 4 ng/ml is the suitable Cp for anesthesia when combined with propofol.

Objective:To probe into clinical therapeutic effects of separated TCM compound recipe Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for combination of disease and syndrome,so as to further expound the law of TCM recipe formulation.Methods:By using randomized double blind placebo control method,123 cases were randomly divided into Xuefu Zhuyu group,refine Xuefu Zhuyu group,drug-pair group and placebo group.Each ease was administered 10ml each time,thrice daily,4 weeks as one course.Results:The therapeutic effect for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease was in order of Xuefu Zhuyu group,refine Xuefu Zhuyu group,drug-pair group and placebo group(P

Objective To find out a new teaching pattern of Medical Statistics for medical postgraduate students.Methods To manifest the longitudinal thought of the medical research process from the teaching idea,the teaching content arrangement and the teaching method utilization.Results To discuss the superiority of the new pattern which provides the content frame and the teaching method based on the integrating theory and the practice.Conclusion The teaching reformation of Medical Statistics must be advantageous in improving the learner’s power of the medical scientific research,including selection of the scientific research topic,application of project,the quality control of the project,analysis of the material and inference of the conclusion,paper writing,self-appraisement and achievement evaluation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the C677T polymor-phism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene/G448A polymorphism of the

AimPurpose-The aim of this study is utilizing the highthrough genechip data to Compare the difference of the pharmacological pathways among the Qingkailing effective components Baicalin(BA),Jasminoidin(JA),cholic acid(CA) and Concha margaritiferausta(CM)in the treatment process of cerebral ischemia.Methods The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model mice were randomly divided into groups of Baicalin(BA),Jasminoidin(JA),cholic acid(CA),Concha margaritiferausta(CM)and model group(M),15 mice for each group,24 hours later total RNA were abstracted from the hippocampus,we selected 374 gene expression profile related to cerebral ischemia,made cDNA chip marked by Cy3/Cy5,detect the variation of different components,Then apply Arraytrack software to select differentiate expressed genes between BA and M,JA and M,CA and M,CM and M by T-tests,select genes with P<0.05,Fold change>1.5,according GeneGO software to find the top two pathways of each components.Results the number of differentiate expressed genes between BA,JA,CA,CM and M is separately 46,50,54 and 30,according to the top two pathways of GeneGo display JA,CA,CM all participate Apoptosis and survival_TNFR1 signaling pathway,besides BA participate in regulating G-protein signaling and Development_A2A receptor signaling while CA in Neurophysiological process_NMDA-dependent postsynaptic long-term potentiation in CA1 hippocampal.Conclusion Qingkailing effective components take diversity Pharmacological characteristics,BA mainly for anti-apoptosis,JA mainly for inhibit apoptosis and promote ischemic brain protection,etc,CA focused on inhibiting calcium influx,and anti-neuron variability.But CM has no good results on this.

Objective To investigate the cell cycle and mechanisms of HCC Bel-7404 cell line by treatment of extract of centipede ( ECP). Method Bel-7404 cell line was cultured in vitro. ECP was applied to the interference of the growth of Bel-7404 with different drug concentration. Cell cycles and apoptosis ratios of ECP group were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). To investigate the expression of apop-tosis related genes XIAP and Bax, we also detect HCC Bel-7404 cell line after 48 hours treated with ECP by immunohistochemical method. Result The results of FCM displayed that ECP in treatment group mainly retard cell cycle phase in G0/G1 after 48 hours. The ratios of G0/ G1 .proliferation index (PI) and apoptosis ratios were significantly different between treatment group and control group when the concentrations were different. It was also significantly different between treatment group and control group when the same concentration of ECP was used. It showed that XIAP gene expression decreased gradually while Bax gene expression increased with the increase of ECP concentration, and these were statistical significance in contrast to control group ( P <0.05). Conclusion ECP mainly retarded cell cycle phase of Bel-7404 in G0/G1, suppressed the proliferation, and could induce it to apoptosis. The inhibitory effect was time - concentration dependent. The mechanisms were due to promote Bax gene and inhibit XIAP gene expression in HCC Bel-7404 cell line.

Objective To explore the experience of self-perceived burden in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provide evidence for clinical nursing interventions.Methods Indepth interviews were conducted among 17 patients with COPD using phenomenological method of qualitative research.Data were analyzed with the Colaizzi's method.Results 3 themes was identified:self-accusation and guilt,loss of dignity and powerlessness,concern and insecurity.Conclusions Nurses should take the experience of SPB in patients with COPD seriously and take the influence of SPB into account during the process of nursing interventions and evaluation.

AIM: To investigate the mutagenicity of cadmium and zinc and the effect of zinc on the mutagenicity of cadmium. METHODS: The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by cadmium, zinc and the combination of cadmium and zinc were observed in cultured human lymphocytes. RESULTS: Cadmium induced the increase in frequency of SCE in human lymphocytes from the concentration 1?10~(-8) mol/L to 1?10~(-6) mol/L, but zinc had a negative result. Zinc reduced the frequency of SCE induced by cadmium at the concentration from 1?10~(-6) mol/L to 1?10~(-4) mol/L and a relationship between dose and effect was also observed. CONCLUSION: Zinc inhibits the mutagenicity of cadmium in cultured human lymphocytes.