Objective To evaluate the hepatic pathological damage after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats with integrated backscatter (IBS). Methods Thirty-two SD rats and 40 Wistar rats were included, and stable OLT models were established except 8 Wistar rats as blank group. The rat models were randomly divided into 4 groups (each n=8):normal group (given no treatment), CsA-treated group (30 mg/[kg·d]), SIN-treated group (40 mg/[kg·d]), SIN and CsA-treated group (SIN 40 mg/[kg·d]+CsA 15 mg/[kg·d]). Hepatic IBS (peak to peak intensity:PPI; average image intensity:AII; standard deviation of image intensity:SDI) was measured on 4th and 10th day after OLT. The rats were sacrificed and a part of liver was cut off for pathological examination. Result Four days later, AII of control and SIN groups were higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), and of CsA-treated and SIN+CsA-treated groups were higher than that of blank group (P＜0.05), while no difference of PPI and SDI was detected between each two groups. Ten days later, AII in CsA-treated, SIN+CsA-treated and SIN-treated groups were lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), no difference of PPI and SDI was detected between each two groups. IBS was positively correlated with liver pathological damage (r=0.814, P＜0.01). Conclusion Detecting hepatic IBS contributes to the diagnosis of the level of liver damage after OLT.

An electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ was constructed based on the layer-by-layer assembly of graphene (GR) and anthraquinone -2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQMS) on the surface of Pb2+ aptamer. The mercapto-modified Pb2+ aptamer was first anchored on a gold electrode. Then the highly conductive material of GR was adsorbed on apt through the unique π-π stacking interaction, which was further used for the assembly and signal amplification of the electroactive AQMS. Upon interaction with Pb2+ ions, the apt on the aptasensor undergone conformational switch from a single-stranded form to the G-quadruplex structure, causing the GR assembled with AQMS releasing from the electrode surface into solution. As a result, the electrochemical signal of AQMS on the aptasensor was substantially reduced. Base on this concept, a useful platform for detection of Pb2+ ions was constructed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the attenuation of peak currents (△Ipa ) showed linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb2+ concentrations (lgCPb2+) over the range from 5. 0×10-10 to 5. 0×10-8 mol/ L. The detection limit was estimated to be 6. 0×10-11 mol/ L.

Objective To explore the effect of selective gut decontamination in regulation of inflammatory reaction compared with rhubarb and glycerine enema for catharsis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ), and to discuss its mechanisms. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Fifty-seven patients with SIRS admitted to Department of General Surgery of Aviation General Hospital from June 2009 to June 2014 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into rhubarb decontaminate group, traditional decontaminate group and blank control group, with 19 cases in each group. Besides the treatment for primary disease, including anti-infection, operation, alleviate pain, nutritional support, and maintaining water and electrolyte balance, the patients in rhubarb decontaminate group received aqueous extract from rhubarb 15-20 g by gastric tube, enema, or peros, twice a day;and those in traditional decontaminate group received glycerine enema or glycerol enema, twice a day; while no gavage or enema was prescribed in blank control group. Peripheral blood was collected before and 72 hours after treatment. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was used to determine the concentration of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) and inflammatory mediators. Results Compared with blank control group and traditional decontaminate group, the levels of interleukins ( IL-1, IL-8 ), LPS, platelet activating factor ( PAF ), tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α), andγ-interferon ( IFN-γ) before treatment was similar to that of rhubarb decontaminate group [ IL-1 ( ng/L ): 53.154±5.783, 50.564±5.771, 51.082±6.403, F = 0.994, P = 0.377; IL-8 ( ng/L ): 70.492±6.146, 68.376±6.112, 68.673±8.384, F=0.514, P=0.601;LPS (μg/L ):11.630±2.449, 10.858±2.307, 10.463±2.145, F = 1.261, P = 0.291; PAF (μg/L ): 4.173±0.395, 4.051±0.362, 4.078±0.487, F = 0.446, P = 0.642; TNF-α( ng/L ):132.498±10.772, 129.735±12.881, 127.207±11.514, F=0.963, P=0.388;IFN-γ(μg/L ):45.645±4.558, 43.692±5.578, 43.767±5.028, F = 0.904, P = 0.411 ]. The above parameters after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in three groups. The effect on the LPS and pro-inflammatory factors of the rhubarb decontaminate group was more obvious than that of the blank control group and traditional decontaminate group [ LPS (μg/L ): 7.571±1.113 vs. 9.008±1.904, 8.874±1.808, F = 4.416, P = 0.017; IL-1 ( ng/L ): 45.309±3.563 vs. 48.731±4.466, 46.112±4.322, F = 3.557, P = 0.035; IL-8 ( ng/L ): 60.492±5.346 vs. 65.553±5.384, 63.437±5.462, F = 4.213, P = 0.020; PAF (μg/L ): 3.519±0.250 vs. 3.832±0.356, 3.766±0.309, F = 5.450, P = 0.007; TNF-α ( ng/L ): 114.988±8.772 vs. 123.230±10.433, 118.534±9.519, F = 3.525, P = 0.036; IFN-γ(μg/L ):38.683±3.190 vs. 41.831±4.122, 39.161±3.972, F=3.820, P=0.028 ]. Conclusion The usage of selective gut decontamination can inhibit the release of endotoxin and inflammatory mediators in patients with SIRS, and it will get a better effect using rhubarb, and the mechanism may be related to the protection of intestinal mucosal barrier function.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of paricalcitol ( P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the under-lying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy ( DN) .METHODS:DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal in-jection of streptozotocin after fasting.The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: the DN rats in paricalcitol-inter-vened group ( group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4μg/kg (3 times a week);the DN rats in DN group ( group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol.Normal control group ( group C) was also set up.The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks.The biochemical indexes were measured.The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4,β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS:(1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D ( P<0.05 ) .( 2 ) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in-creased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05).(3) The ex-pression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05).Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05).(4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonographic ( US ) findings of granulomatous lobular mastitis( GLM ) ,and to compare the diagnostic accuracy among US ,mammographic ,and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) . Methods Imaging characteristics of 56 patients who were pathologically comfirmed as GLM were reviewed .All the lesions were assessed by BI‐RADS ( Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) . Results Fifty‐eight lesions were found in 56 patients . Thirty ( 51 .7% ) were irregular ,20 (34 .5% ) were lobular and 8(13 .8% ) were round or oval in shape . Forty two lesions (72 .4% ) were hypoechoic ,14 (24 .1% ) were mixed echoic textur ,including 6 lesions (10 .3% ) with tubular connections and 8 lesions ( 13 .8% ) with irregular markly hypoechoic internal echoes . Two ( 3% ) were isoechoic .No calcification were found . Color Doppler signals were detected in 33 cases(56 .9% ) ,and the resistance index ( RI) ranged from 0 .61 to 0 .79 . Forty patients underwent mammography ,there were no distinct lesions in 6 cases(15% ) ,suspicious calcification in two(5% ) , asymmetric density in twenty(50% ) ,and solitary masses in twelve(30% ) . MRI was performed in 36 patients ,and revealed no abnormality in two patients(5 .6% ) , twenty nine lesions ( 80 .6% ) showed hypointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,five lesions ( 13 .9% ) showed isointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,and all the lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement after contrast .The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography , mammography and MRl was 63 .8% , 45% and 61 .1% , respectively . Conclusions There were no specific imaging characteristics of GLM ,the combination of ultrasonography , mammography and MRI might benefit the diagnosis of GLM .

BACKGROUND:Ligustrazine hydrochloride which promotes nerve repair can be applied to the treatment of nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplantation on electrophysiological property and hindlimb function of rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS:T9 spinal cord transection injury models were made in rats using Alen’s method, and then rat models were randomized into three groups: rats in control group received tail vein injection of culture solution; rats in cel transplantation group underwent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantationvia the tail vein; rats in combined group were subjected to the tail vein injection of ligustrazine hydrochloride and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels that lasted for 4 hours. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were used to detect the motor function of rats. At 72 hours after modeling, RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region. At 4 weeks after modeling, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were measured for evaluation of neurophysiological recovery. At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase tracer was used to assess the regeneration of rat spinal cord nerve fibers; PKH-26 labeling was used to observe the survival and migration of transplanted cels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were significantly higher in the combined group than the cel transplantation folowed by the control group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours after modeling, the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region was significantly higher in the combined group than the cel transplantation group and control group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the latencies of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as folows: combined group < cel transplantation group < control group (P < 0.05); the amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as folows: combined group > cel transplantation group > control group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase-labeled pyramidal cels in the cel transplantation group and combined group showed apparent crossing signs; the number of PKH-26-positive cels and horseradish peroxidase-positive cels was the most in the combined group folowed by the cel transplantation group, and was the least in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplantation can facilitate nerve cel regeneration, promote the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor, and improve motor function in rats after spinal cord injury. Cite this article:Wu XM, Gao WS, Wang J, Cai HY.Neuroprotection of ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation in rats with spinal cord injury. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):95-101.

Objective To analyze the ultrasonographic characteristics of breast cystic-solid lesions and to investigate the diagnostic value of BI-RADS breast imaging reporting and data system in this kind of disease Methods Imaging characteristics of 105 breast cystic-solid lesions of 93 patients were analyzed All the lesions were assessed by BI-RADS Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard Results Among 105 lesions 57 54 3% were benign and 48 45 7% were malignant Differences in orientation shape margin calcification and vascularity were statistically significant between the benign and malignant lesions P < 0 05 whereas the echo pattern and the posterior acoustic feature did not show significant differences P >0 05).There were 5 1 predominantly solid mass,which appeared as solid mass with little dispersed or centralized cystic regions or solid mass with surrounding cystic regions,including 33 benign lesions and 1 8 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.956 in this type.There were 25 lesions predominantly cystic,which had regular or irregular thick walls or septa,or had nodules protruding to the cystic component,including 1 1 benign lesions and 14 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.753.There were 29 mixed solid-cystic mass,in which the solid component equaled to the cystic,including 13 benign lesions and 16 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.887.The area under curves of ROC was 0.873 for the all breast cystic-solid lesions.The rates of malignant cystic-solid lesions in the three types had no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosing breast cystic-solid lesions.The proportion of the cystic component is not helpful to differentiate malignancy from benignancy.

Objective To study the 18F-FDG PET/CT features of tuberculous and malignant diffuse peritoneal lesions and to discuss the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and differentiating the lesions. Methods The 18F-FDG PET/CT features of 72 patients with tuberculous peritonitis,28 primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum and 135 peritoneal metastases confirmed by clinic and/or histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The peritoneal thickening features of tuberculous and malignant peritoneal lesions were observed. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of peritoneal lesions and ascites, ascites SUVmax/liver SUVmax (T/NT) were compared between tuberculous peritonitis and cancerous peritonitis. The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of T/NT, SUVmax of peritoneal lesions and ascites. Results The typical 18F-FDG PET/CT features of tuberculous peritonitis were uniformity thickening of parietal peritoneum, mesenteric and omental stain like changes, widely and even distribution of the peritoneal 18F-FDG, while the cancerous peritonitis was obvious uneven thickening of parietal peritoneum, mesenteric and omental nodules and pie-shape changes, uneven distribution of the peritoneal 18F-FDG. The degree of 18F-FDG uptake was increased in all peritoneal lesions, and there was no significant difference between the tuberculous group (SUVmax=10.53±5.44) and the cancerous group (SUVmax=11.45±6.78, t=1.017, P>0.05). The 18F-FDG concentration in malignant ascites (SUVmax=1.88±0.65,T/NT=0.73± 0.18) was obvious higher than that of tuberculous ascites (SUVmax=1.67±0.69,T/NT=0.57±0.27, t=2.243 and 5.045,both P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of T/NT, SUVmax of ascites, SUVmax of peritoneal lesions were 0.707, 0.593, 0.536, respectively. Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can reflect the morphology and metabolic changes of peritoneal lesions. It is important to combine the SUVmax of ascites in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosing the diffuse peritoneal diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods A total of 1 56 patients referred for surgery of thyroid nodules underwent standard ultrasound as well as elastography.The following characteristics of all the nodules were assessed:location,size,shape,margin,echogenicity,calcification and blood flow.The SWE elasticity indices of maximum (Emax),mean (Emean),minimum (Emin),and standard deviation (Esd) were automatically calculated by the US system.Thresholds were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC ) curve analysis.The diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE were compared.Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard.Results Among a total of 1 56 nodules,1 1 8 were malignant and 38 were benign.SWE elasticity indices were significantly higher in malignant than in benign nodules (P ≤0.001 ).Sensitivity and specificity for predicting malignancy were 83.9%,92.1 % respectively using Emean with a threshold of 32.1 kPa,the specificity was significantly higher than using conventional ultrasound (P <0.05 ).Area under the ROC curve (Az)of Emean was highest (0.880,95% CI:0.81 7,0.943),however the differences were not significant(P >0.05).Conclusions SWE provides higher specificity for predicting malignancy without losing sensitivity.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine and propofol on electrocorticography (ECoG)during epileptic resection.Methods One hundred cases of epileptic patients undergoing epileptic resection were randomized into five groups (n=20 cases).Af-ter exposure of the cortex,patients were allocated to propofol group or dexmedetomidine group,the propofol were injected intravenously with different target-controlled-infusion (TCI)concentrations at 1.5 μg/ml (group C1),5.0 μg/ml (group C2)respectively.The dexmedetomidine were injected with a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg within 1 5 min,then followed by a speed of 0.25 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 (group D1 ),0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 (group D2),and 1.0 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 (group D3)respectively.After 1 5 min of steady infusion,the characteristics of ECoG were recorded.Results Compared with the other four groups,the epileptic spike-wave,αandβwaves were significantly decreased,whileδwave was significantly increased in group C2 (P < 0.05 ).Sometimes burst-suppression-patterns were recorded under propofol. With the dose of dexemedetomidine increasing in groups D1,D2,D3,the epileptic spike-wave,αwave andβwave gradually decreased,while δwave gradually increased (P <0.05).Conclusion Propofol produces dose-dependent inhibition on ECoG,but the epileptic spike-wave still can be differentiated if the plasma con-centration lower than 1.5 μg/ml.Compared with propofol,dexmedetomidine injected with 0.25-0.5 μg· kg-1 ·h-1 ,has few disturbance on epileptic spike-wave differentiation and location during ECoG monito-ring,and is more eligible for epileptic resection anesthesia.